Renaissance 12th

Question 1

Causes: stability and prosperity

Population boom

Answer 1

• urban popn –> c.1050 to 1200, Paris goes from 20k to 110k, venice 45k to 70k

Question 2

Causes: stability and prosperity

Towns

Answer 2

• physical size –> cologne 122 to 223 ha 1106, 403 ha in 1180, northampton has similar growth
• revitalisation of roman towns –> camrbdige, paris, london, bath etc. –> conveniantly placed near rivers

Question 3

Causes: stability and prosperity

Development in trade

Answer 3

• large cities become transits of trade
• specialisation of trade –> silks from constantiniple, chese and fish from flanders
• milan used iron from liege

Question 4

Causes: stability and prosperity

Agrarian revolution

Answer 4

• post 1000 –> new tech improved farming –> crop rotation
• landlords wealthier
• more food = more popn
• wealth allowed landlords to make marhslands into farm lands
• wealth increases –> church can spend moneh on education

Question 5

Causes: stability and prosperity

Stability

Answer 5

• under reign of charlemagne

- french also bought feudal sydtems to england portgal spain –> well structured –> easy to govern

Question 6

Causes: papal revolution

Tensions papacy gregory vii

Answer 6

• 1073 ti 1085

Wanted church as supreme leader

Question 7

Causes: papal revolution

Concordat of worms

Answer 7

• 1122
• free ecclesiastical elections allowed
• freed clergy from secular domination
• secular powers free fron clergy

Question 8

Causes: charlemagne and carolingian renaissance

Latin revival

Answer 8

• lot of documents untranslated
• desire for latin
• cathedral schools set up to learn latin –> could also study other suvjects e.g medicine law

Question 9

Causes: charlemagne and carolingian renaissance

Why people went cathedral schools?

Answer 9

• meet famous lecturers

Question 10

Features: scholasticism

Alan Cobban skepticism

Answer 10

• says camrbdige and oxford only unis until late 12th century
• not quite special
• religious roots

Question 11

Features: scholasticism

Peter abelard sic et non and why in trouble for it?

Answer 11

we cant understand god context needed lets translate into easier language
- he is bought to 2 councils

Question 12

Features: scholasticism

Saint bernads letter

Answer 12

• bernard of clairvaux 1141
• wrote to pope
• “poisnonous pages”

Question 13

Features: scholasticism

D.e Luscombe says?

Answer 13

Evidence people travelled far and wide for abelard

Question 14

Features: scholasticism

1140 what did archbishop say about peter and what was impact of words?

Answer 14

• wrote of dangers

- pope innocent III censored followers of peter

Question 15

Features: scholasticism

EDWARD GRANT on reson at the time

Answer 15

Used in hypothetical situations

• there was new found emphasis on it tho
• guys like Peter of Spain pushed new logic ideas

Question 16

Features: art and architecture

Gothic and examples

Answer 16

• ribbed vault pointed arch flying buttresses

- basilla of st. Denis in paris 1145

Question 17

Features: art and architecture
Cathedrals
Georges duby 980-1130

Answer 17

Says monastic domination over europe culture impacted art

• monastic areliers of Fra ce led by the Cluniacs rejected visual language of imperial Ottonian Germany
• they developed romanesque sculptures

Question 18

Features: art and architecture

GEORGES DUBY 1130-1280 cathedrals

Answer 18

• europe reaps reward of tech progress

- burst of cathedral buildings

Question 19

Assault on middle ages

Answer 19

• Petrarch (1304-1374) –> says too much zealous attitudes towards religion
• italian humanist Loranzo Valla (1400’s) says aristotellians were denying truth

Question 20

Assault

What does edward grant say critics are missing?

Answer 20

• the big picture
• the advance in education
• the difference between 1200 and 1000