Renaissance Flashcards
Humanism
Study of the humanities - the idea that the pursuits of man are worthy of study (as well as the study of God)
Emphasis of learning, ancient greek and roman thought, and education.
Petrucci
Developed first moveable type in 1501.
Faburden
The chant is in the middle voice, and they build 6/3 chords around it. Perfect intervals at the end for resolution. First inversion triads
Fauxbourdon
French version of faburden.
Contenance Angloise
English Countenance
Low Countries
(Netherlands, Belgium) Countries Low to the ocean.
Cantus Firmus
A tune is used in the tenor voice in long note values.
Cantus Firmus Mass
A mass with a tune in the tenor voice extended in long note values.
L’homme arme
A popular tune, related to the order of the golden fleece.
Canon
A rule used to derive single or multiple voices from a single notated line.
Mensural Notation
Minim
Semibreve
Breve
Point of Imitation
A phrase of music used to sing a line of text which is sung in imitation between one voice and the next.
Paraphrase Mass
A mass based off a tune in which the tune is broken into phrases, made into points of imitation, and gradually become more paraphrased
Frottola
Italian secular polyphony
Simple, lighthearted, fun
3 or 4 voices or 1-2 + lute
Carnival song
The Carnival was a season of the year before lent; a time of revelry.
The song was written on behalf of guilds.
Full of off-color double entendre. (innuendos?)
Lauda (pl. laude)
Italian for song of praise.
In 15th c homophonic.
Giramola Savanorola
A Dominican Friar - traveling monk/preacher. Saw the sin in Florence/church in italy. Banned carnival songs - promoted Lauda. Wrote Lauda texts! Based on carnival tunes.
Viola de Gamba
Similar to cello - cousin.
6 strings and frets.
Bowed differently from a violin and cello.
Underhand bow hold.
Lute
Pear-shaped, similar to a guitar In that it is plucked
11 strings, but in pairs except for one, so it’s 6 like a guitar.
Frets tied around the back of the band. Moveable, to adjust tuning for different keys.
Recorder
Made of wood - SO many sizes. Wind instrument
Shawm
Ancestor of the oboe. Double reed goes inside the mouth. No metal keys - a wood body with holes drilled into it for note changes.
Crumhorn
Made out of one piece of wood bent and curved - like a pipe or cane. Double reed instrument, but the reed is inside a cap.
Rackett
the hole curves 9 times within the piece of wood. Very low.
Cornetto
Looks like a curved recorder with a brass mouthpiece. 6 finger holes and a thumb hole. Made of wood. Covered in leather. Originally made from animal horns or tusks.
Sackbut
Sackbutt means the putting out and in of the slide. Trombone means large trumpet.
Pipe and Tabor
A one-handed recorded, with a drum hanging from the same hand. The drum is beat with the other hand.
Indulgences
Trying to get your time in purgatory shortened by paying a church leader.
95 Theses
The short, Latin theses Luther posted to the Wittenburg church door. They were translated into German, and printed, so as to rapidly spread.
Formulae Missae
(Means formula of the mass)
In Latin
1523
Deutsche Messe
In German
1526
Chorale
A German Hymn
A text and a tune - monophonic.
Strophic, with lots of rich stanzas.
Bar form (AAB).
Bar Form
AAB
Johanne Walter
One of Luther’s friends - a very skilled composer.
Mimicked other styles, like Josquin.
Tenorlied
The melody is in the tenor, and the other voices do other stuff. Like a cantus firmus, but the melody doesn’t have to go slower.
Cantional Style
There was a melody
Homophonic
Triads associated with the trinity
Clear breaks between phrases
Functional
Metrical Psalm
Henry VII
Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547)
-pro-Pope, anti-Luther
-first married to Catherine of Aragon
-gets special permission from the Pope to so
-doesn’t produce a male heir
-divorces Catherine
-marries Anne Boleyn against the Pope’s permission
-gets excommunicated by the Pope
-removes England from the Catholic Church and Pope
-has a male heir, Edward VI, with his third wife
Thomas Cranmer
Archbishop of Canturbury
Anthem
English version of a motet- motet for the anglican church. Full anthem had a choir alone, while verse anthem had alternating choir and soloist.
English Cross relation
db against a d - minor second?
Council of Trent
A group of Catholics that met to respond to the reformation during 1545-1485.
Parody Mass/Imitation Mass
1: Find a polyphonic piece
2: Get rid of the text
3: Break piece apart
4: Build the piece in a new way
5: Put Mass text to your new piece.
6: Then change the order of the phrases
Basso Continuio
Continuous bass line with chords built above it, and the melody on top. Need two instruments.
St. Mark’s Basilica
The most important church in Venice.
Cori Spezzatti
Polychoral; multiple choirs/groups of instrumentalists that are spatially separated.
Stile Concertato
(Concerted Style) = Voices and instruments.
Also emphasized contrasts.
Concerted Motet
A motet in concerted style
Michael Praetorius
(1571-1621)
A Lutheran German musician who was passionate about Venetian Polychoral music because he believed it reflected what music will look like in Heaven,
Motto: “Heaven is my homeland.”
Composed Wachet Auf Ruft uns Die Stimme
Madrigal
Musical setting of sophisticated Italian Poetry;
ex. poetry of Petrarch
Text Painting/Madrigalism
Using music to illustrate the meaning of the text.
Giovanni Artusi
A music theorist that heard Cruda Amarilli and became concerned about madrigals, so much so that he wrote a treatise called “imperfections of modern music”
Was concerned about proper preparations for dissonance.
Prima Pratica
In the first practice the music rules the text. Follow music rules first and foremost. (Like Palestrina)
Seconda Pratica
In the second practice the text rules the music. If the text encourages that part writing rules be broken, they must be broken. Like using unprepared dissonance on the word “Cruel.”
Stile Concitato
Agitated style
Essentially just repeating 16th notes in the string part.
Parison Chanson
French secular music in the 15th century; easy songs to sing together. Typically strophic and homophonic.