Renaisance Development If Naturalism In Italian Art Flashcards
(Phroto Renaissance )
Giotto the lamentation
-Fresco:
A painting done rapidly in water based paint on wet plaster on a wall ceiling,
It is done so that the colours penetrate through the plaster and it becomes fixed as it dries.
Masaccio
The tribute money
Convincing sense of 3D
- Perspective
- Geometrical shapes
- Convincing relationship between figures and their surroundings
- Painting: Tax collector, Christ, Peter, Fish
- Convincing postures
- Feet in detail
- Light from one direction
- Tonal value and colour = shapes
Sandro Botticelli
“La primavera “
- Monumental works (big)
- Lyrical painter (referring to a certain musical, expressive, or poetic quality)
- Classical mythology
Sandro Botticelli
“The birth of Venus “
Venus: weightless – spiritual and intellectual portrayal of beauty -Movement through line -Characteristics of his -Masterful use of line -Excellent compositions -Brilliant transparency of the flesh tones -Realistic portrayal of material works:
Leonardo Da Vinci
Painter, sculptor, architect, studied anatomy, geology, science, mathematics, military science and engineering
- His life was a search for knowledge
- Dissection of cadavers – understanding of skeletal and muscular anatomy
The last supper
Leonardo Da Vinci
Character and personality to figures
-Christ and the 12 apostles seated at a long table, parallel with the wall in a large, simple room
-Scene shows the moment when Christ has said: “one of you will betray me”
Christ in centre surrounded by apostles
-Christ is calm and alone in the midst of all the emotional disturbance
- Large window in centre with semi-circular pediment
- Christ is the focal point – perspective lines of the roof beams and windows lead to his head
- All movements lead back to Christ through gestures, shapes and colours
- On each side of him are two groups with three apostles
- Emotions of despair, horror, surprise and fear
Sfumato
Blending of colours “without lines or borders, in the manner of smoke.” It is as if a veil of smoke has been placed between the painting and the viewer, toning down the bright areas and lightening the dark ones, so as to produce a soft, imperceptible transition between the differing tones.
Donatello
Greatest sculptor of Early Renaissance › First freestanding sculpture since Classical times › Young boy after the slaying of Goliath › Muscles are simplified › Smooth body in contrast with hat and giant’s head › Comfortable flow of contours (line down body)
BUONARROTI MICHELANGELO
Painter, sculptor, architect, poet
› Main interest was the human body
› Sense of tension and movement in his sculptures
› David is represented before the battle with Goliath
› His muscled body is shown with pent-up power
› Tension in the bulging muscles, swollen veins and frown on his forehead
› Large hands and feet
› Ideal human(male) form
› Embodiment of youthful strength and self-confidence
and engineer
Venetian painting
Believed that shape and colour were inseparable
- Lifestyle of pomp and glory and new media of oil paint
- More sensual and personal
Titian-Venus of Urbino
Mastery of oil painting
- Rich colours
- Red basecoat to give colours warm glow
- Woman lying comfortably on a sofa in a rich palace interior
- Background: maid busy working in a chest, another woman standing beside her
- Perspectivelinesonfloorand dark hanging separating the lady from the maids create depth
- Smaller scale of woman in background also creates depth
- Venus is a timeless symbol of ideal female beauty
Mannerism
Figures portrayed in twisted, elongated and distorted postures
- Muscles were over emphasised
- Colours are bright and harsh to emphasise emotional effect
- Style of subjectivity and emotion
- Enlarged facial expressions, gestures and lightning
Mannerism
Decline of High Renaissance / reaction to Classicism of High Renaissance.
- Mannerism coincided with a period of upheaval that was torn by the Reformation, plague, and the devastating sack of Rome.
- Mannerist artists began to reject the harmony and ideal proportions of the Renaissance in favour of irrational settings, artificial colours, unclear subject matters, and elongated forms.
Northan Europe
Unbelievable detail
- No idealisation
- Even the ugly and deformed were shown
- Emphasis on portrayal of texture (metal and satin)
- “warts and all” style
Giovanni Arnolfini and His wife
Portrayal of the first everyday scene – Wedding
-Takes her hand as a sign of loyalty
-All the objects are symbolic › Dog – faithfulness › Discarded clogs – religious ceremony › Fruit in window – sign of fertility › One burning candle – presence of God
- Artistincludedhisreflectioninthe mirror in the background
- Frame – 10 small miniatures portraying the life of Christ
- Masterful handling of textures (bedcover, rough coat of small dog,green dress and purple tunic
