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MBChB Yr 3 OSCES > REMS > Flashcards

REMS Flashcards

1
Q

What could could an abnormal high step gait?

A

Foot drop secondary to common peroneal nerve palsy/ sciatic nerve palsy i.e. after total hip replacement

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2
Q

What is an antalgic gait?

A

Gait abnormality where the stance phase of gait is abnormally shortened relative to the swing phase. It can be a good indication of pain with weight-bearing

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3
Q

What 5 things would you inspect for anteriorly in the knee?

A
  1. Scars
  2. Swellings
  3. Asymmetry/ leg length discrepancy
  4. Valgus / Varus deformity
  5. Quadriceps wasting
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4
Q

List 3 causes of anterior knee swelling?

A
  1. Effusions
  2. Inflammatory arthropathy
  3. Septic arthritis
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5
Q

What is a cause of quadriceps wasting?

A

Decreased mobility due to injury/ arthritis/ nerve injury

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6
Q

What 5 things would you inspect for posteriorly in the knee?

A
  1. Scars
  2. Asymmetry
  3. Popliteal swelling
  4. Gluteal muscle bulk
  5. Hindfoot abnormalities
  6. Iliac crest alignment
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7
Q

List 2 causes of a popliteal swelling?

A
  1. Baker’s cyst

2. Popliteal aneurysm

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8
Q

What 3 things would you inspect for side on in the knee?

A
  1. Knee flexion
  2. Foot arches
  3. Toe deformities
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9
Q

What may a tender quadriceps tendon suggest?

A

Tendonitis

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10
Q

What may a tender patella suggest?

A

Injury/ Patellofemoral arthritis

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11
Q

What are 2 knee tests for assessing joint effusions?

A
  1. Patellar tap (for larger joint effusions)

2. Sweep test (for smaller joint effusions)

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12
Q

List 4 causes of joint effusions?

A
  1. Ligament rupture (anterior cruciate ligament)
  2. Septic arthritis
  3. Inflammatory arthritis
  4. Osteoarthritis
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13
Q

What 6 things should you palpate on the knee bent at 90o?

A
  1. Patella tendon
  2. Tibial tuberosity
  3. Joint line
  4. Head of fibula
  5. Collateral ligaments
  6. Popliteal fossa
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14
Q

What does tibial tuberosity tenderness suggest?

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease

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15
Q

What does joint line tenderness suggest in the knee?

A

Meniscal tear

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16
Q

What is the normal range of movement for knee flexion?

A

0-140o

17
Q

What is the normal range for hyperextension of the knee?

A

<10o

18
Q

What can significant anterior movement of the tibia on the femur suggest in a knee exam?

A

Anterior cruciate laxity/rupture

19
Q

What can significant posterior movement of the tibia on the femur suggest in a knee exam?

A

Posterior cruciate laxity/rupture

20
Q

What is the Lachman’s test most sensitive for?

A

ACL rupture

21
Q

What are the 3 special tests in a knee examination?

A
  1. Anterior/posterior drawer test
  2. Lachman’s test
  3. Collateral ligaments
22
Q

What are 3 other investigations you would request after a knee examination?

A
  1. Neurovascular examination of both lower limbs
  2. Examination of the joint above & below: ankle & hip
  3. Further imaging if indicated: X-ray / MRI

MBChB Yr 3 OSCES (5 decks)

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