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Orthodontics > Removable Appliances > Flashcards

Removable Appliances Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevalence of removable appliances?

A

2%

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2
Q

What is the prevalence of fixed appliances?

A

9%

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3
Q

What are the uses of a removable appliance?

A

To hold teeth in a particular position, for simple tooth movements, and expanding dental arch

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4
Q

What are examples of simple tooth movements?

A

Tipping of a single tooth/multiple teeth and intruding/extruding either lower incisors/posterior teeth

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5
Q

What are the types of tooth movement?

A

Tipping, intrusion/extrusion, bodily movement, and rotation

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6
Q

What are different forces required for?

A

Type of movement and root surface area of teeth to be moved

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7
Q

What are the components of removable appliances?

A

Retention, active component, anchorage, baseplate

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8
Q

What clasps are use for retention of removable appliances?

A

Adams clasp, Southend clasp, and labial bow

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9
Q

What is the Adams clasp made of?

A

0.7 mm stainless steel

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10
Q

What is the Southend clasp made of?

A

0.7 mm elgiloy

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11
Q

What is the labial bow made of?

A

0.7 mm stainless steel

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12
Q

What is the main difference between stainless steel and elgiloy?

A

Elgiloy is a cobal chrome alloy

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13
Q

What is stainless steel also known as?

A

18:8 steel

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14
Q

What percentage of the population are allergic to nickel?

A

15%

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15
Q

What is nickel free wire made of?

A

Copper/Vanadium

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16
Q

What is used to tighten the crypt of a clasp?

A

Spring formers

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17
Q

What are the active components of removable appliances?

A

Springs, orthodontic screws, pistons, magnets, elastics, acrylic blocks/planes

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18
Q

What are springs used for?

A

To move teeth buccally, palatally, and mesially/distally

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19
Q

What two types of springs are commonly used for buccal/labial tooth movement?

A

T spring and Z spring

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20
Q

How are T spring and Z spring activated?

A

1st visit use a pair of spring formers to pull spring away from baseplate 3-5mm and subsequent visits use a pair of spring formers to pull wire along direction of movement desired 2-3mm

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21
Q

What two types of springs are used for distal and palatal tooth movement?

A

Palatal finger spring and canine spring

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22
Q

What are palatal finger springs used for?

A

To move UR3 distally

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23
Q

What are palatal finger springs made of?

A

0.5 mm stainless steel with coil and guard

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24
Q

What are canine springs used for?

A

To move UL3 palatally

25
Q

What are canine springs made of?

A

0.7 mm stainless steel

26
Q

Why are palatal finger springs usually made with a guard?

A

To prevent wire impinging palatal mucosa and preventing free movement of spring

27
Q

Where should palatal finger spring rest?

A

3/4 of the way up mesial incline on canine before insertion

28
Q

What is used to expand laterally/mesio-distally?

A

Orthodontic screws

29
Q

How are orthodontic screws activated?

A

Turn screw twice a week Wednesday and Sunday

30
Q

What does each turn of an orthodontic screw do?

A

Expands 2 plates apart by 0.25mm to 0.5mm per week

31
Q

Why are pistons not used too often?

A

Active component can get clogged and therefore inactive

32
Q

Why do attracting magnets work better than repelling ones?

A

Repelling magnets lack a specific direction

33
Q

Why do magnets need to be well-encased avoiding contact from oral fluids?

A

Potentially toxic

34
Q

What can elastics be used to do?

A

Bring down unerupted teeth and also reduce increased overjets with anterior spacing

35
Q

What is anchorage?

A

Resisting unwanted tooth movement

36
Q

What are the two broad types of anchorage?

A

Intra-oral and extra-oral

37
Q

What is intra-oral anchorage?

A

Reciprocal, simple, temporary anchorage devices (TAD’s)

38
Q

What is extra-oral anchorage?

A

Headgear

39
Q

What is reciprocal anchorage?

A

Either bring teeth together/pushing apart

40
Q

What is simple anchorage?

A

Root surface area of tooth to be moved (canine) should be significantly less (1/3 or more) than anchor unit (2nd premolar and molar) baseplate can also be considered as contributing to anchorage

41
Q

What does a flat anterior bite plane do?

A

Disengages upper and lower molars and premolars which allows them to erupt increasing facial height and a posterior rotation of mandible and intrudes lower incisors with some degree of proclination/retroinclination which depends on whether lower incisors are proclined/retroclined relative to FABP

42
Q

What is it important to measure when designing a flat anterior bite plane?

A

Overjet and add 3mm so that lower incisor will hit bite plane

43
Q

What do flat anterior bite planes usually have a height of?

A

1/3, ½, 2/3’s of upper incisal height

44
Q

What do posterior bite planes do?

A

Disengages upper and lower incisors which allows them to erupt and increase overbite and encourage a reduced face heigh and forward rotation of mandible

45
Q

Why should posterior bite planes be at least 3mm thick?

A

To minimise breakages

46
Q

What does force needed to move teeth depend on?

A

Root surface area, number of teeth being moved, type of movement desired and size of anchorage unit

47
Q

What is force measured in?

A

Centinewtons (CN) (one hundredth of a newton)

48
Q

What is 1CN in grams force?

A

1.02

49
Q

What is needed to 1 Newton of force required to accelerate?

A

1 kilogram of mass at rate of 1 metre per second squared in direction of applied force (N=KG M/S2)

50
Q

What should force also be considered in relation to?

A

Root surface area and/or mass of tooth

51
Q

What is force defined as?

A

A change in motion of a tooth/stress induced in a stationary ankylosed tooth

52
Q

How is magnitude of force calculated?

A

By multiplying mass of body and its acceleration

53
Q

What is force influenced by in orthodontics?

A

Deflection of spring, radius of wire, and length of wire

54
Q

How is force calculated?

A

Force = deflection x radius4/length3

55
Q

What happens to force if the length of wire is doubled?

A

Decreased by a factor of 8

56
Q

What happens to force if the thickness of wire is doubled?

A

Increased by a factor of 16

57
Q

What is the pre-clinical checklist of fitting a new appliance?

A

Make sure patient details on laboratory documents match patients, check original orthodontic design against appliance made, does appliance fit model well, are there any pimples/sharp pieces of acrylic on base plate, check for plier marks on retentive components and thickness of baseplate

58
Q

What may badly marked wires/over polished/thin baseplates lead to?

A

Early fracture/components part of removable appliance

59
Q

What is the clinical checklist of fitting a new appliance?

A

Explain what you are going to do to patient, show them appliance, fit appliance, if it is loose adjust retentive components, ask patient to remove and insert a few time to ensure they understand correct procedure for insertion and removal, once they are confident you can then adjust active components, provide patient with an information leaflet on how to look after appliance provide contact numbers if any problems arise, appliance should be worn nearly full-time and only removed to clean teeth and appliance after meals, appliance should be removed in contact sports and swimming and kept in a rigid box in a safe place, and arrange a review appointment for 4-6 weeks

Orthodontics (1 decks)

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