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Kidney Reminders > Reminders > Flashcards

Reminders Flashcards

1
Q

RTA I

A

hypokalemia, normal anion gap, associated with MM, amyloid, lupus, Sjrogen’s, Sickle Cell, and transplant rejection
H+ secretion issues

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2
Q

RTA II

A

hypokalemia, normal anion gap, associated with MM, amyloid, and wilson’s
Too much HCO3- secretion

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3
Q

RTA IV

A

hyperkalemia, normal anion gap, hyprenninemic or isolated due to AIDS, NSAIDS, UUO, nephritis
NH4+ reabsorption issues

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4
Q

Increased anion gap causes

A

diabetic, salicylate, oxoprodine (acetaminophen overdose, lactate

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5
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

aldosterone producing adenoma

hypokalemia

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6
Q

Liddle’s syndrome

A

pseudoaldosteronism
high blood pressure, no increase in renin
hypokalemia

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7
Q

Gordon’s

A

pseudohypoaldosteronism

hyperkalemia

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8
Q

Interstitial oncotic pressure components

A

mucopolysaccharides and albumin

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9
Q

ACE Inhibitors and vasodilation

A

in addition to blocking formation of ATII, also allows increase in bradykinin (PGE2), and NO production via AT1-7 (angioedema)

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10
Q

-dipine

A

calcium channel blocker

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11
Q

diltiazam

A

calcium channel blocker

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12
Q

-artan

A

ARBs

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13
Q

prazosin

A

a1 blocker (can cause precipitous fall in BP)

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14
Q

Minoxidol

A

Katp channel antogonist, vasodilation

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15
Q

Nitrates

A

veins dilator

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16
Q

Hydralazine

A

NO dependent arteriole dilator

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17
Q

Nitroprusside

A

NO arterioles and veins

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18
Q

Loop diuretic side effects

A

hypocalcemia and ototoxicity

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19
Q

thiazide side effects

A

hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia

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20
Q

crystalloid side effects

A

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

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21
Q

Colloid uses

A

intravenous space

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22
Q

lethargy in kids

A

indicator of volume depletion, way before BP falls (that’s too late)

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23
Q

Drugs that increase risk of ischemic ARF

A

NSAIds, ACE inhibitors, ARBs

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24
Q

F.E. Urea normal, and in ARF

A

> 50 indicates renal problem

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25
Urinary to plasma creatinine ratio in renal ARF
26
Rhabdomyolysis
breakdown of muscles allowing for myoglobin and other toxicitites
27
epogen
used to treat anemia, made of recombinant erythropoeiten
28
Endothelin
vasoconstricting agent used in phase II and phase III of UUO. blocked by ACE inhibitors
29
UUO treatment medication
a-blocker
30
most common cause of proteinuria in children
orthostatic proteinuria, benign
31
Urerteric bud
collecting components, ureters
32
metanephric mesenchyme
nephrons
33
cloaca
endoderm derived, becomes bladder
34
Wolffian duct
forms during the prenephros phase. beceoms vas deferens
35
FENa in infants vs normal
>10%, adults it's
36
Sensitivity to ADH in infants
lower than in adults--hard to concentrate urine in babies
37
Causes of SIADH
Malignancy, pulmonary disease (TB), CNS catastrophe, nausea or pain, opiates and antidepressants
38
ADH main action
concentrate urine
39
ANP mechanism
Dilates the afferent glomerular arteriole, constricts the efferent glomerular arteriole, and relaxes the mesangial cells. This increases pressure in the glomerular capillaries, thus increasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), resulting in greater excretion of sodium and water. + MORE
40
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
mutation inactivating calcium sensing receptor, causing hypercalcemia
41
Hypercalcemia treatment
bisphosphoantes
42
Bisphosphonates mechanism
drug inhibiting osetoclastic activity by driving calcium into bone (good for hypercalcemia)
43
Drugs that can cause hypercalcemia
vitamin A, lithium
44
Addison's Disease
Hyperkalemia from hypoaldosteronism and decreased cortisol | Related to adrenal insufficiency and hypercalcemia
45
Sarcoid and vitamin D issues, and treatment:
increases levels of D1,25 which can cause a hypercalcemia. Treat with glucosteroids
46
Paget's disease
LAte onset disease of bones causing hypercalcemia
47
Denosumab
RANKL antibody that treats bone loss from metastases
48
Risks for hypocalcemia
transfusion, plasma phoresis
49
Composition of most (75%) kidney stones
calcium oxalate
50
Risks for kidney stones
hypocitraturia and hypomagnesia
51
Adjusted total calcium formula
total calcium + 0.8(4-albumin)
52
FGF23 phosphotonin
FGF23 decreases the reabsorption and increases excretion of phosphate
53
calcitriol
modulates active transport of calcium (Treats low blood calcium in kidney dialysis patients and other patients. Calcitriol is a form of vitamin D.)
54
PAN
puromycin aminonucloside--causes proteinuria, ascites, and edema in rats
55
PAN-induced nephrosis
increase aldosterone, increase ENaC
56
Sodium retention from Na+/K+
independent of hyperaldosteronism, occurs in the collecting duct even before proteinuria is visible
57
ANP and nephrotic cells
cGMP doesn't work well.
58
Minimal change "difficult topic" example
volume depletion secondary to Na+ retention causing high renin and aldosterone can be due to hypoonctoic states or leaky capillaries (colloids or steroids) but you still urinate and lose more proteins when depleted despite attempts to regenerate it//
59
membranous neprhopathy "difficult topic" example
renin and aldosterone are suppresed. looks like volume overload with sodium retention. Treat with diuretic.
60
B2 agonists
increase Na/K pump, causing hypokalemia
61
Main titratable acid
phosphate
62
Desmopressin
ADH analog. Treats hypernatremia
63
Most common electrolyte disorder, and its causes
hyponatremia: 1) GI loss 2) SIADH from drugs (opioids) 3) SIADH with symptoms due to tumor 4) CHF
64
Hyponatremia with true volume loss treatment
Isotonic NaCl (or chicken soup!)
65
SIADH treatment
Hypertonic NaCl OR b2 blockers
66
Conivaptan
B2 blocker to treat SIADH
67
Hyponatermia with hypervolemia treatment
loop diuretic
68
Diabetes Insipidus with renal causes: treatment
thiazide
69
Diabetes insipidus with non-renal causes (central) treatment
desmopressin
70
Central Diabetes insipidus causes
trauma, malignancy. granuolmas, infection, sheehan's syndrome (hypovolemic shock after child birth)
71
Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus causes
lithium, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, sickle cell disease, sarcoid
72
Non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma treatment
normal saline

Kidney Reminders (1 decks)

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