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SET 1 ( Gen. & Oral Anatomy & Physiology) 🦷🫀 > REMEMBER‼️‼️‼️📌📌📌 > Flashcards

REMEMBER‼️‼️‼️📌📌📌 Flashcards

1
Q

Pterion

A

FPST
Frontal
Parietal
Sphenoid
Temporal

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2
Q

Asterion

A

OPT
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

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3
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness
malapit

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4
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness
malayo

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5
Q

Enamel hypoplasia

A

ADC

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6
Q

open the glottis

A

Post. cricoarytenoid

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7
Q

close

A

lateral cricoarytenoid

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8
Q

tenses & raises , shouting

A

Cricoarytenoid

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9
Q

DNA

A

ATGC

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10
Q

RNA

A

AUGC

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11
Q

digestion & activaton of pepsinogen

A

Gastric Acid / HCL

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12
Q

absorption of Vt. B12

A

Intrinsic Fx

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13
Q

Gastroferrin - iron absorption

A

Parietal or Oxyntic Cells

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14
Q

pepsinogen inactive form of pepsin

A

Chief cells

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15
Q

Gastrin production of gastric acid

A

G- cells

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16
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity (H AAA)

A

Hay fever, Hives
Allergic Asthma
Anaphylactic Shock
Angioedema

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17
Q

Type II - Cytotoxic / Cell- mediated (AGGER)

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Goodpasture Syndrome
Graves Disease
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Rheumatic Fever

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18
Q

Type III - Antigen- Antibody Complex

A

Serum sickness
SLE
Arthus reaction
Polyarteritis nodosa
Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
RA

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19
Q

Type IV - Cell Mediated ,Delayed Hypersensitivity, proliferation of CD4 cells

A

Tuberculin reaction
contact dermatitis
multiple sclerosis
Graft rejection

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20
Q

quantity of air drawn (inhale & exhale)

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

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21
Q

maximum inhalation

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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22
Q

maximum exhalation

A

Expiratory reserve volume

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23
Q

volume of air remaining after maximum exhalation

A

Residual Volume (RV)

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24
Q

volume of air remaining after normal exhalation

A

Functional Residual Capacity

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25
Q

maximum amount of air that can be moved in or out of the line in a single respiratory cycle

A

Vital Capacity

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26
Q

total volume of air after Maximum inspiration

A

Total Lung Capacity

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27
Q

cervical & lumbar

A

Concave

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28
Q

thoracic & sacrum

A

Convex

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29
Q

longest muscle

A

Sartorius m.

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30
Q

largest m.

A

Gluteus maximus

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31
Q

shortest m.

A

Stapedius

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32
Q

smallest

A

Arrector pili m.

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33
Q

mainly found in viseceral organs longest muscle contraction activity
involuntary, non- striated & capable of mitosis

A

Smooth m.

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34
Q

nucleus located centrally
involuntary , incapable of mitosis

A

Cardiac m.

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35
Q

Muscle of Mastication

A

TIME

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36
Q

Temporalis
Origin
Insertion

A

ant. & middle fiber - elevation of mand.
posterior- retraction

Origin- Temporal Fossa
Insertion- Coronoid Process

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37
Q

Internal / Medial Pterygoid
Origin

A

Elevation & Protrusion
Origin- Medial surface of the lateral plate of sphenoidbone —-Trismus- multiple insertion of needle
Insertion - Ramus of Mandible

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38
Q

Masseter / Quadrilateral

A

Actions- Clenching & elevation of mandible
Origin- Zygomatic Process
Insertion: Ramus of Mand.
Strongest muscle of mastication
Cheek area

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39
Q

External / lateral Pterygoid
Action
Origin
Insertion

A

Depressing the mandible, protrusion & lateral excursion
Lateral surface of Lateral plate of Sphenoid bone
Meniscus & neck of the condyle

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40
Q

DEPRESSORS

A
  1. Lateral Pterygoid
  2. Ant, Belly of Digastric
  3. Geniohyoid
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41
Q

Main m. that depresses the mandible is

A

Anterior belly of Digastric

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42
Q

Main muscle of mastication that depresses the mand.

A

LATERAL Pterygoid

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43
Q

strongest m. of mastication

A

Masseter

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44
Q

Prime Mover of mandible

A

External Pterygoid

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45
Q

subsidiary muscle

A

Buccinator

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46
Q

Muscle of Hyoid

A

Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid

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47
Q

to depress the mandible

A

Suprahyoid

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48
Q

Suprahyoid m.

A

1.Geniohyoid
2. Stylohyoid
3. Mylohyoid
4, Digastric - Ant, npbelly & Post. Belly

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49
Q

to depress the hypid & elevate the larynx

A

Infrahyoid

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50
Q

Infrahyoid

A

Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

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51
Q

innervated by V3 , VII, XII

A

SUPRAHYOID

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52
Q

innervated by Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3) except Thyrohyoid

A

Infrahyoid

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53
Q

is innervated by 1st cervical nerve via HYPOGLOSSAL

A

Thyrohyoid

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54
Q

floor of the mouth

A

Mylohyoid & Geniohyoid

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55
Q

Muscles of the Soft Palate

A
  1. Palatoglossus
  2. Palatopharyngeus
  3. Levator Veli Palatini
    4.Uvula
  4. Tensor Veli Palatini
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56
Q

forms the PAssavant’s ridge (bar) that shuts the nasal cavity or nasopharnyx during DEGLUTITION

A

Palatopharyngeus

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57
Q

M. form the tonsillar crypts

A

Ant.- Palatoglossus
Post. - Palatopharyngeus

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58
Q

M. prevent the food from going into the nasopharynx

A

Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatini

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59
Q

Palatal muslces move the tongue

A

Palatoglossus

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60
Q

Muscles of the Pharynx

A
  1. Constrictor Pharyngeal
  2. Stylopharyngeus
  3. Salpingopharyngeus
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61
Q

Muscles. form the Pterygomandibular raphe

A

Laterally- Buccinator
Medially- Superior Constrictot Pharyngeal M.

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62
Q

phonation

A

Larynx

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63
Q

relaxex thenvocal,cords whispering

A

Thyroarytenoid

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64
Q

narrows the laryngeal inlet

A

Tranverse & Oblique Arytenoids

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65
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal n.

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

66
Q

right recurrent laryngeal n.

A

right subclavian artery

67
Q

Cartilages of the Larynx
Unpaired
Paired

A

Unpaired- Epiglottis, Thyroid, Cricoid
Paired- Arytenoid , Cuneiform, Corniculate

68
Q

covers the esophagus

A

Epiglottis

69
Q

ant. to esophagus

A

Trachea

70
Q

commonly pieirced in Muscular triangle

A

Cricothyroid Cartilage

71
Q

present in laryngospasm,
Tx.

A

Stridor Voice
Succinylcholine

72
Q

AKA. Cricoid CRtilage

A

Signet Ring Cartilage

73
Q

sole abductor

A

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

74
Q

sole adductor

A

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

75
Q

Larynx

A

Voicebox

76
Q

Muscle for Respiration

A

Inspiration
Expiration

77
Q

Principal M, Inspiration

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. External Intercostalis
78
Q

Accessory of Inspiration M.

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Scalene
  3. Pectoralis Major
79
Q

M. for Respiration Expiration

A

Internal Intercostalis

80
Q

Abdominal M.

A
  1. Rectus Abdominis— strap like - belt like m.
  2. External Oblique
  3. Internal Oblique
  4. Tranverse Abdominis
81
Q

M. in Forearm
Flexors

A

Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Biceps Brachi

82
Q

Extensor
M. of the Forearm

A

Triceps Brachii
Anconeus

83
Q

Principal extensor of the Forearm is

A

TRICEPS

84
Q

Muscle of the thigh
Anterior

A
  1. Rectus Femoris
  2. Vastus Medialis
  3. Vastus Intermedius
  4. Vastus Lateralis
85
Q

Hamstring M.
Bi Semisemi

A
  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Biceps Femoris
86
Q

swimmers m.

A

Latissimus Dorsi

87
Q

Boxers m.

A

Serratus Ant.

88
Q

Tailor’s M.

A

Sartorius

89
Q

Trumpeter’s M.

A

Buccinator

90
Q

Autosomal Dominant
Heavy Dominant

A

Huntington
Ehlers Danlos
Achondroplasia
Von Willebrand
Pseudohyperparathyroidism
Dystrophia Myotonica
O.I
M
Intermittent porphyria
Neurofibromatosis
AD-Pkd
Noonan
Tuberous sclerosis

91
Q

Autosomal recessive
ABCDEFGH

A

Albinism
Beta thalassemi
Cystic fibrosis
Dun
Emphysema
Friedrich Ataxia
Glycogen storage Gauchers
H

92
Q

lined w/ strat. squamous & pseudostrat. columnar

A

Nasopharynx

93
Q

lined non keratinized strat. squamous

A

Oropharynx

94
Q

regulates the passage of air into the lungs & food into the esophagus by means of Epiglottis

A

Laryngopharynx

95
Q

C shaped cartilaginous ring lined w/ perichondrium that contain Cilia

A

Trachea / Windpipe

96
Q

most inferior part of the trachea that bifurcates to form primary bronchi at the level of Sternal Angle/ angle of louis / 2nd rib

A

Carina

97
Q

upper & lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea

98
Q

diffusion ions to facilitate

A

Facilitated diffusion

99
Q

Active diffusion

A

AtP

100
Q

contains clara cells that produce serous fluid

A

Bronchioles

101
Q

simple cuboidal ciliated

A

Terminal bronchioles

102
Q

preventoverinflation of alveoli

A

Herring Breur Reflex

103
Q

Cells in the Lungs

A

Pneumocyte I / Alveolar Cell
Pneumocyte II / Septal Cell
Alveolar Macrophages
Goblet Cell
Juxtacapillary

104
Q

it serves as surfactants

A

Pneumocyte Ii / Septal cell

105
Q

it prevents mucous leakage

A

Pneumocyte I / Alveolar Cell

106
Q

Alveolar Macrophages

A

Dust Cells
Heart failure cells

107
Q

pigment of Blood
RBC

A

Hemosiderin

108
Q

deep & labored

A

Kaussmaul’s Respiration

109
Q

deep , fast w/ sudden apnea

A

Cheyne- Stoke respiration

110
Q

shallow & fast w/ sudden apnea

A

Biot Respiration

111
Q

prolonged deeo breathing will result to

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

112
Q

Layers of the Heart

A

Pericardium - outermost fats
Myocardium- thickest contains cardiac m,
Endocardium- lined w/ simple squamous ; valves of heart

113
Q

Ca2t level found in

A

Myocardium

114
Q

increase stretching of cardiac m. results in forceful contraction

A

Frank- Starling Law

115
Q

what are semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary, Aortic

116
Q

M. found in Valves

A

Papillary M

117
Q

left of the sternal border of 5th intercostal space

A

Tricuspid

118
Q

midclavicular 5th intercostal space

A

Mitral V.

119
Q

right of the sternal border of 2nd intercostal space

A

Aortic V.

120
Q

left of the sternal angle in 2nd intercostal space

A

Pulmonary V.

121
Q

located Aortic Valve. It is the main supply of the Heart

A

Left & Right Coronary Arteries

122
Q

responds to ⬆️ BP

A

Carotid Sinus / Baroreceptors

123
Q

responds to ⬇️ O2 tension

A

Carotid Body / Chemoreceptors

124
Q

BS in the Brain

A

Internal Carotid Artery

125
Q

main BS of the Head & Neck

A

ECA

126
Q

umbilical vein

A

Ligamentum teres

127
Q

ductus venosus

A

ligamentum venosus

128
Q

foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

129
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosus

130
Q

5 Phases of Action Potential

A

Phase 0 - Depolarization
Phase 1- Partial Repolarization
Phase 2- Plateau
Phase 3 - Repolarization
Phase 4- Resting Membrane Potential

131
Q

increased heart rate due to stretching of the R.A

A

Bainbridge Reflex

132
Q

located between Atria & Ventricles
Fx. Ventricular Contraction

A

AV Node

133
Q

located at apex of the heart
fastest electric impulse

A

Bundle of His & Purkinje Fibers

134
Q

represent Atrial Depolarization

A

P - wave

135
Q

represent time from initial depolarization of the atria to ventricles

A

PR Interval

136
Q

ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

137
Q

enxymes of Neutrophils

A
  1. Neuraminidase
  2. Hydrolase
  3. Myeloperoxidase
  4. Lactoferrin
138
Q

cleaves salicylic acid residues

A

Neuraminidase

139
Q

hydrolyzes chemical bonds

A

Hydrolase

140
Q

causes respiratory burst

A

Myeloperoxidase

141
Q

has affinity for IRON

A

Lactoferrin

142
Q

Agranulocytes
largest WBC. mainly phagocytes & pinochtosis

A

Monocyte

143
Q

adhesion of cell

A

TNF alpha

144
Q

inhibition of viral replication

A

Interferon

145
Q

signaling molecule when there is inflammation

A

Cytokine

146
Q

acute inflammation, cytokine

A

TNF

147
Q

protein that regulates cell growth, differentiation, motility & immune response such as inflammation

A

Interleukin

148
Q

Hofbauer cell

A

Placenta

149
Q

sinusoidal liver

A

Litorial

150
Q

activates Complement system

A

CD4 T-helper cell

151
Q

kills infected target cells

A

CD 8 - cytotoxic t cell

152
Q

involved immunoregulation of other cells

A

NK cell

153
Q

main cell for Humoral activity & antibody production

A

Plasma Cell

154
Q

clotting fx for Hemostasis. contains Histamine & heparin
Origin
Production
Features
Lifespan

A

Thrombocyte / Platelet
Megakaryocyte
150-450k
Biconvex & no nucleus
8-10 days

155
Q

energy producing which is simple substance are synthesized into complex

A

Anabolism

156
Q

energy releasing when there is breakdown of compoex molecule into simple substance

A

Catabolism

157
Q

energy releasing when there is breakdown of complex molecule into simple substance

A

Anabolism

158
Q

to buffer the HCL

A

Bicarbonates

159
Q

breaksdown polysaccharide into Glucose & Maltose

A

Amylase

160
Q

breaks down Triglycerides for,ing free fatty acid

A

Lipase

161
Q

digest protein

A

Trypsinogen & Chymotrypsin

SET 1 ( Gen. & Oral Anatomy & Physiology) 🦷🫀 (9 decks)

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