Remedies1 Flashcards
Discuss in following Order ...: Exam ISSUES: 1) ECON. LOSS: must be CERTAIN (CA: Non-econ: jury may award any amt) 2) AWARD must be LUMP SUM discounted to PRESENT VALUE w/o inflation. (CA: Mod.Trend: YES inflation)
1) LEGAL Remedies
2) RESTITUTIONARY
(1st Legal, then Equitable types)
3) EQUITABLE Remedies
LEGAL Remedies T vs. K.
[LIST]:
1) COMPENSATORY DMG [T&K]
incl. CONSEQUENTIAL
+LIQ. DMG [Only K.]
2) NOMINAL
[Only T. CA: N.]
[award if No actual harm]
3) PUNITIVE DMG
[Only T CA: N.]
RESTITUTIONARY Remedies [LIST]: [Theory: Avoid D's UE.] [CA: NO Restitution in: 1) ENCROACHMENT 2) & NUISANCE cases (b/c D doesn't wrongfully BEN).]
{ERRECt T&K}
LEGAL Restitution:
1) EJECTMENT
2) Restitution DMG [=UE]
3) REPLEVIN
EQUITABLE Restitution:
1) EQUIT. LIEN &
2) CTLEGAL RESTITUTIONARY REMEDY if …:
[Theory: D BENEFITED (rather than P is injured)
Only 1 recovery but, can add Punitive DMG if Tort.]
1) EJECTMENT [D took POSSESSION of P’s REAL Pr -get it back] 2) RESTITUTIONARY DMG [D benefited from P's services. Measure: D's benefit, not P's loss] 3) REPLEVIN [D took POSSESSION of P’s PERS. Pr -get it back (even pre-trial)]
EQUITABLE RESTITUTIONARY Remedies:
[Theory: D improperly took TITLE to P’s Pr]
Who Prevails?
BFP>P>Unsecured C’or
1) CONSTRUCTIVE Trust
[D must return improp. acquired Pr to P]
2) EQUITABLE Lien
[Ct. SELLS Pr & proceeds (+deficiency jdgm) go to P]
EQUITABLE Remedies [LIST]:
{R-REIS}
1) RESCISSION
2) REFORMATION
3) EQUITABLE CONVERSION
4) INJUNCTION
[P wants to stop D from doing tortious act]
Only K.:
5) SPECIFIC PERF.
[D refuses to perform the K]
COMPENSATORY DMG in TORT
[D harmed P—make P whole]
In TORT cases, the Standard Remedy is …:
money DMG. Comp.DMG incl.1) GEN. DMG [pain & suffering] & 2) SPECIAL DMG
[pecuniary DMG, eg. MEDICAL exp.s, loss of past or future WAGES, loss of ENJOYment].
P must show that the DMG are:
1) Caused by D’s conduct: AC+PC
2) Foreseeability &
3) UNavoidability (duty to mitigate).
For Special DMG (in PI cases) +4) Certainty
PUNITIVE DMG +CA:
[D behaved badly. Punish
/Deter D]
1) P must’ve been already awarded Compensatory or Restitutionary DMG.
2) D acted w/ fault > mere N.
3) Amount:is proportional to actual DMG (1-digit multiple).
CA: K. case
COMPENSATORY DMG in K.
[put P in position as is K had been perf.]
In K. cases, the STD Remedy is …
+DMG must be …:
1) EXPECTATION DMG [=naturally flow from the breach of K.] 2) & INCIDENTAL DMG [=COST incurred in dealing w/ breach =always recoverable] 3) & Consequential DMG [iff foreseeable @formation] DMG must be: 1) Foreseeable 2) Caused by P 3) Certain and 4) UNavoidable.
LIQUIDATED DMG clause is VALID if … +CA:
1) DMG were difficult to ASCERTAIN @formation
2) specified AMT is a reas. FORECAST of actual DMG
If clause =VALID, P gets ONLY that amount.
CA: If clause =INVALID [penalty], P gets ONLY Actual compensatory DMG.
Compensatory DMG —CONVERSION:
P gets the ACTUAL VALUE (FMV) of the Pr at TIME the of Conversion.
Compensatory DMG—LAND SALE K.:
DMG for Buyer:
1) benefit-of-the bargain
2) & out-of-pocket losses
NUISANCE Action:
P may seek Compensatory DMG …:
[Always separately discuss PUBLIC
& PRIVATE nuisance]
for a CONTINUING Nuis.: 1) COST of ABATING it 2) Value of LOST USE /BENefit to D 3) If PERMANENT Nuis.: DIMINUTION of the Value of the land.
RELIANCE DMG:
=Promissory Estoppel
[RELIANCE DMG puts P(!) in same ECON. position as if AGT never formed.]
Protects P’s RELIANCE interest when Expectation DMG are Unavailable [SPECULATIVE].
QUASI-K. is:
=UE =[Legal Restitution. Puts D(!) in the same ECON. position as if AGT never formed.]
=Legal Restitutionary remedy to avoid UE as measured by the BENEFIT to D (rather than P’s loss).
