REM B LVL 1 Flashcards

(77 cards)

1
Q

In Advanced Mathematics, it converts a
discrete-time signal, which is a
sequence of real or complex numbers,
into a complex frequency-domain
representation.

A. Z-transform
B. Borel Transform
C. Laplace Transform

A

A. Z-transform

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2
Q

In Advanced Mathematics, it is an
integral transform that converts a
function of a real variable t to a complex
variable s.

A. Laplace Transform
B. Borel Transform
C. Fourier Transform
D. Z-transform

A

A. Laplace Transform

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3
Q

If a power series has a positive radius of convergence and sum that is identically zero throughout its interval of
convergence, then each coefficient of
the series must be

A. Negative
B. Zero
C. One

A

B. Zero

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4
Q

Which of the following statements
describes the sequence

(REM MATH B LVL 1 FIGURE)

A. The sequence is monotonic.
B. The sequence if unbounded.
C. The sequence is bounded.
D. The sequence converges to a number less
than 1.

A

C. The sequence is bounded.

As n increases, the value of an =(0.5,0.866,1,0.866,0.5,0,-0.5, -0.866,-1,-0.5, 0,0.5,0.866, 1…).
Thus, the sequence is divergent, is not
monotone and bounded.

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5
Q

Indicate the nature of the second order
equation

(REM MATH B LVL 1 FIGURE)

A. Parabolic differential equation
B. Hyperbolic differential equation
C. Elliptic differential equation

A

A. Parabolic differential equation

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6
Q

Determine the nature of the second
order equation

(REM MATH B LVL 1 FIGURE)

A. Hyperbolic differential equation
B. Elliptic differential equation
C. None of these
D. Parabolic differential equation

A

A. Hyperbolic differential equation

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7
Q

The PDE A d^2 u/dx^2 + B d^2 u/dxdy +
C d^2 u/dy^2 +D= 0 is hyperbolic if.

A. B^2-4AC=0
B. B^2-4AC>0
C. B^2-4AC<0

A

B. B^2-4AC>0

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8
Q

___ is one of the
mathematical equations for an
indefinite function of one or more than one variables that relate the values of the function. Differentiation of an equation in various orders.

A. Simultaneous Differential equation
B. Heat equation
C. Bessel’s differential equation
D. Legendre’s Polynomial

A

A. Simultaneous Differential equation

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9
Q

It is also known as characteristic vector of a linear transformation is a nonzero vector that changes at most by a scalar factor when that linear transformation is applied to it, often denoted by 入.

A. Eigenvector
B. Gauss-Jordan Elimination
C. Matrix Inversion

A

A. Eigenvector

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10
Q

It is the sum of the area of each
rectangle within a given interval under
the curve of a function.

A. Lagrange Theorem
B. Trapezoidal Rule
C. Simpson’s Rule
D. Midpoint Rule

A

D. Midpoint Rule

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11
Q

The approximation of the derivative at x:
f’(x)=(f(x+h)-f(x))/h; is called

A. Forward differencing
B. Centered differencing
C. Backward differencing
D. Both Forward differencing and Centered
differencing

A

A. Forward differencing

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12
Q

The approximation of the derivative at x:
f’(x)=(f(x+h)-f(x-h))/2h; is called

A. Both Forward differencing and Centered
differencing
B. Forward differencing
C. Centered differencing
D. Backward differencing

A

C. Centered differencing

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13
Q

Which of the following numerical
methods is more accurate in evaluating
definite integral

A. Lagrange Theorem
B. Midpoint Rule
C. Trapezoidal Rule
D. Simpson’s Rule

A

D. Simpson’s Rule

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14
Q

The approximation of the derivative of x:
f’(x)=(f(x)-f(x-h))/h; is called.

A. Forward differencing
B. Backward differencing
C. Both Forward differencing and Centered
differencing

A

B. Backward differencing

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15
Q

Approximation of the value of definite
integral by using trapezoids rather than
rectangles.

A. Midpoint Rule
B. Trapezoidal Rule
C. Lagrange Theorem

A

B. Trapezoidal Rule

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16
Q

What are external data sources for
analysis?

A. Data obtained from public databases
and third parties
B. Data collected from customer surveys
C. Data generated and collected within your
organization

A

A. Data obtained from public databases
and third parties

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17
Q

It divides the data into 100 equal
regions.

A. Decile
B. Inter-Quartile Range
C. Percentile
D. Population

A

C. Percentile

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18
Q

Which of the following external data
sources can provide insights into
consumer sentiment and social
behavior?

A. Production records
B. Social media platforms
C. Employee performance data

A

B. Social media platforms

Social media platforms generate usergenerated content that can be analyzed to gain insights into consumer
sentiment, public opinion, trends, and
social behavior.

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19
Q

What is the characteristic of first-party
data collected from customer surveys?

A. It is available in government portals
B. It is purchased from third-party
organizations
C. It is unstructured and unreliable
D. It is directly collected by the company
from customers

A

D. It is directly collected by the company
from customers

First-party data collected from
customer surveys is a form of data
directly collected by the company from
its customers. It is structured and
provides valuable insights into
customer preferences, opinions, and
experiences.

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20
Q

What type of interview provides the
greatest flexibility?

A. Structured interviews
B. Unstructured interviews
C. Semi-structured interviews
D. Comparative interviews

A

B. Unstructured interviews

Unstructured interviews provide the
greatest flexibility, as there are no
predetermined questions. The
conversation flows naturally, allowing
participants to share their perspectives and provide insights on various aspects related to the topic.

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21
Q

A study in which a sample is used to make an interference to a conceptual (future) population.

A. Analytic Study
B. Retrospective Study
C. Enumerative Study
D. Observational Study

A

A. Analytic Study

Analytic Study - a sample is used to make an
interference to a conceptual (future) population.

Enumerative Study - a sample is used to make an interference to the population from which the sample is selected.

Retrospective Study - uses either all of a sample of the historical process data archived over some period of time.

Observational Study - a person observes the process or population, disturbing it as little possible,and records the quantities of interest.

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22
Q

What type of data can be found in
academic research publications?

A. Data collected through experiments,
surveys, or simulations
B. Financial ratios and indicators
C. Manufacturing data and production logs

A

A. Data collected through experiments,
surveys, or simulations

Academic research publications provide
access to data collected through
experiments, surveys, simulations, or
observational studies relevant to
specific fields.

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23
Q

One in which every member of the
population has an equal likelihood of
appearing.

A. Random Sample
B. Sample
C. Probability

A

A. Random Sample

Probability is an area of study which involves predicting the relative likelihood of various outcomes.

A sample is a chosen part of the
population in question.
Statistics is a collection of numbers.

A random sample is one in which every member of the population has an equal likelihood of appearing

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24
Q

Data analysis is the process of:

A. Collecting data from various sources
B. Presenting data in visual charts and
graphs.
C. Manipulating and exploring data to
extract meaningful insights.

A

C. Manipulating and exploring data to
extract meaningful insights.

Data analysis involves manipulating and
exploring data to extract meaningful
insights, draw conclusions, and support decision-making. It includes techniques such as statistical analysis, regression analysis, neural networks, and text
analysis.

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25
It divides the data into 10 equal regions. A. Population B. Decile C. Percentile
B. Decile
26
What is one of the key tasks in data cleaning? A. Aggregating data from numerous sources B. Identifying major gaps in the data C. Extracting irrelevant data points
C. Extracting irrelevant data points One of the key tasks in data cleaning is to remove irrelevant data points that have no bearing on the intended analysis. This helps to streamline the dataset and focus only on the relevant observations for accurate analysis.
27
It is the mean of the squares of the deviations of each measurement from the mean of the population. A. Interquartile Range B. Variance C. Standard Deviation
B. Variance The interquartile range is the difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile. One simple measure of variability is the sample range, the difference between the smallest item and the largest item in each sample. Variance is the mean of the squares of the deviations of each measurement from the mean of the population. Standard deviation is defined as the square root of the variance.
28
It represents the average of the sample population. A. Mode B. Quantile C. Median D. Mean
D. Mean Mode is the value which appears most frequently. Median divides a sample of data in a way that 50% of the values are smaller than the median and 50% of values are bigger (or equal). Mean represents the average of the sample population. Quantile is a value that divides the sample into two parts.
29
What role does data analysis play in decision-making? A. Data analysis supports decision- making based on evidence. B. Data analysis ensures data accuracy and reliability. C. Data analysis collects data for reference.
A. Data analysis supports decision- making based on evidence. Data analysis supports decision-making by providing evidence-based insights and actionable information. It helps make informed decisions and supports identifying areas for improvement.
30
An area of study which involves predicting the relative likelihood of various outcomes. A. Probability B. Random Sample C. Sample
A. Probability Probability is an area of study which involves predicting the relative likelihood of various outcomes. A sample is a chosen part of the population in question. Statistics is a collection of numbers. A random sample is one in which every member of the population has an equal likelihood of appearing.
31
A study which uses either all of a sample of the historical process data archived over some period of time. A. Analytic Study B. Retrospective Study C. Observational Study
B. Retrospective Study Analytic Study - a sample is used to make an interference to a conceptual (future) population. Enumerative Study - a sample is used to make an interference to the population from which the sample is selected. Retrospective Study - uses either all of a sample of the historical process data archived over some period of time. Observational Study - a person observes the process or population, disturbing it as little possible,and records the quantities of interest.
32
It is the difference between the smallest item and the largest item in each sample. A. Sample Range B. Variance C. Interquartile Range D. Standard Deviation
A. Sample Range The interquartile range is the difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile. One simple measure of variability is the sample range, the difference between the smallest item and the largest item in each sample. Variance is the mean of the squares of the deviations of each measurement from the mean of the population. Standard deviation is defined as the square root of the variance.
33
What is the first step in the data analysis process? A. Analyzing the data B. Drawing conclusions C. Collecting data D. Defining the objective
D. Defining the objective The first step in the data analysis process is to define the objective or problem statement. This involves formulating a hypothesis and understanding the business problem that needs to be solved.
34
A study in which a person observes the process or population, disturbing it as little possible, and records the quantities of interest. A. Enumerative Study B. Analytic Study C. Observational Study
C. Observational Study Enumerative Study - a sample is used to make an interference to the population from which the sample is selected. Retrospective Study - uses either all of a sample of the historical process data archived over some period of time. Observational Study - a person observes the process or population, disturbing it as little possible,and records the quantities of interest.
35
A value that divides the sample into two parts. A. Mode B. Mean C. Median D. Quantile
D. Quantile
36
Where does second-party data come from? A. It is the first-party data of other organizations B. It is obtained from government portals and open data repositories C. It is collected by the company from its customers
A. It is the first-party data of other organizations Second-party data refers to the first- party data of other organizations. It can be obtained directly from the company or through a private marketplace. Examples include website activity, app usage, social media activity, purchase histories, and shipping data.
37
Which of the following is an example of a data collection method? A. Surveys B. Hypothesis testing C. Literature review
A. Surveys Surveys are a common data collection method used to gather information from respondents through a set of structured questions.
38
It is the value which appears most frequently. A. Quantile B. Mean C. Mode
C. Mode
39
Which of the following is an example of an internal data source in engineering data analysis? A. Production records B. Industry reports C. Government publications D. Public databases
A. Production records Production records are generated and collected within the organization and provide insights into the efficiency, output, and quality of manufacturing or production operations
40
What does skewness measure in the context of statistics? A. The symmetry of data distribution B. The relationship between two variables C. The peakness of data distribution
A. The symmetry of data distribution Skewness measures the asymmetry of a data distribution. A positive skew indicates a tail on the right side, a negative skew indicates a tail on the left side.
41
What does the mean of a distribution represent? A. The center of the distribution B. The shape of the distribution C. The probability of an event occurring D. The spread of the data
A. The center of the distribution The mean of a distribution represents the central location around which the data is clustered.
42
What is a parameter in statistics? A. A characteristic or attribute that can take on different values B. A range of values that likely contains the true population parameter C. A numerical characteristic of a population D. A numerical characteristic calculated from a sample
C. A numerical characteristic of a population Parameters are numerical characteristics that describe the population as a whole, such as the average, proportion, or standard deviation of a certain measurement in the population.
43
Which of the following questions is a statistical question? A. How many hours of professional training took place over the weekend? B. How many professional sports leagues are there? C. Where do the professional sports leagues play? D. How many hours do the student-athletes at your school spend each week training for a sports league?
B. How many professional sports leagues are there? A statistical question is a question that can be answered by collecting data that vary. In the given options, how many professional sports leagues are there?is a statistical question. Here to answer this question, we have to collect data from the sources.
44
The probability of rejecting a true hypothesis is called A. Test statistics B. Statement of hypothesis C. Level of significance
C. Level of significance The probability of rejecting a true hypothesis is called the level of significance. The level of significance,also known as alpha (a), represents the maximum acceptable probability of making a Type I error, which is rejecting a true null hypothesis. It is typically set before conducting a hypothesis test and helps determine the critical region of the test.
45
In hypothesis testing, a critical value is used to A. Assess the significance of the statistical test B. Set the research hypothesis C. Accept the null hypothesis D. Determine the sample size
A. Assess the significance of the statistical test A critical value is used to compare the test statistic and determine whether the obtained result is statistically significant. It helps in deciding whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis.
46
Which test we normally apply for Qualitative data? A. X Chi-square test B. Z-test C. T-test D. F-test
A. X Chi-square test X Chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test that compares two variables of a contingency test to check how they are related. It is a nonparametric test and this test normally applies to qualitative data.
47
The rejection probability of Null Hypothesis when it is true is called as A. Level of Rejection B. Level of Margin C. Level of Confidence D. Level of Significance
D. Level of Significance The probability of committing a type l error (rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true) is called a (alpha) the other name for this is the level of statistical significance.
48
Statistical significance alone does not provide information about the A. Population size B. Sample size C. Confidence interval D. Effect size
D. Effect size Statistical significance only indicates whether the observed effect is likely to have occurred by chance or not. It does not provide information about the magnitude or importance of the effect.
49
What is a type I error in hypothesis testing? A. Accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is false B. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true C. Accepting the null hypothesis when it is true D. Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
B. Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true A type I error (false-positive) occurs if an investigator rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true in the population; a type Il error (false-negative) occurs if the investigator fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false in the population.
50
Rejection of the null hypothesis is a conclusive proof that the alternative hypothesis is A. False B. True C. Neither D. Either
C. Neither The rejection of the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis cannot be taken as conclusive proof that the alternative hypothesis is true,but rather as a piece of evidence that increases one's belief in the truth of the alternative hypothesis.
51
A statement whose validity is tested on the basis of a sample is called A. Composite Hypothesis B. Null Hypothesis C. Statistical Hypothesis D. Simple Hypothesis
C. Statistical Hypothesis In testing of Hypothesis, a statement whose validity is tested on the basis of a sample is called as Statistical Hypothesis. Its validity is tested with respect to a sample.
52
What is the critical region in hypothesis testing? A. The region where the test statistic falls to reject the null hypothesis B. The region of acceptance for the alternative hypothesis C. The region of rejection for the null hypothesis
C. The region of rejection for the null hypothesis A critical region, also known as the rejection region, is a set of values for the test statistic for which the null hypothesis is rejected. i.e. if the observed test statistic is in the critical region then we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis.
53
If the Critical region is evenly distributed then the test is referred as A. Zero tailed B. One tailed C. Three tailed D. Two tailed
D. Two tailed In hypothesis testing, a critical region is a range of values or a set of outcomes that leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. It represents the extreme values of the test statistic that would provide evidence against the null hypothesis. A two-tailed test, also known as a twosided test, is a type of hypothesis test where the critical region is divided equally on both sides of the distribution.It is used when we want to determine if the sample data significantly deviates from the null hypothesis in either direction. Therefore, when the critical region is evenly distributed, the test is referred to as a two-tailed test because it considers deviations from the null hypothesis in both the positive and negative directions.
54
Goodness of fit of a distribution is tested by A. T-test B. Z-test C. Chi-square test
C. Chi-square test The goodness of fit test is a statistical hypothesis test to see how well sample data fit a distribution from a population with a normal distribution. There are multiple types of goodness-of-fit tests,but the most common is the chi-square test. The chi-square test determines if a relationship exists between categorical data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test determines whether a sample comes from a specific distribution of a population.
55
The p-value in hypothesis testing represents A. The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is true B. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true C. The probability of committing a Type I error D. The probability of obtaining the observed sample data or more extreme results, assuming the null hypothesis is true
D. The probability of obtaining the observed sample data or more extreme results, assuming the null hypothesis is true The P value, or calculated probability, is the probability of finding the observed,or more extreme, results when the null hypothesis (H 0) of a study question is true - the definition of 'extreme' depends on how the hypothesis is being tested.
56
Which of the following is defined as the rule or formula to test a Null Hypothesis? A. Variance statistic B. Population statistic C. Null statistic D. Test statistic
D. Test statistic
57
The alternative hypothesis represents A. The research hypothesis B. No effect or no difference C. The null hypothesis
A. The research hypothesis The alternative hypothesis represents the researcher's belief or expectation of the presence of a relationship or difference between variables or groups.
58
A probability value is used to assess the A. Significance of the null hypothesis B. Critical value C. Research hypothesis D. Sample size
D. Sample size A probability value, also known as a p- value, is used to assess the significance of the statistical test. It indicates the probability of obtaining the observed data or more extreme results assuming the null hypothesis is true.
59
The coefficient of correlation measures the A. Sample size B. Effect size C. Confidence interval
B. Effect size The coefficient of correlation quantifies the strength of the relationship between two variables. It provides information about the effect size, indicating how strong or weak the correlation is.
60
In a hypothesis test, the alternative hypothesis A. Is always accepted B. Represents the status quo C. Is the opposite of the null hypothesis
C. Is the opposite of the null hypothesis The alternative hypothesis is one of two mutually exclusive hypotheses in a hypothesis test. The alternative hypothesis states that a population parameter does not equal a specified value. The alternative hypothesis represents what we hope to prove or find evidence for, and it is the opposite of the null hypothesis.
61
A Type Il error occurs when A. The null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted B. The null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected C. The null hypothesis is correctly accepted D. The null hypothesis is correctly rejected
A. The null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted A type I error (false-positive) occurs if an investigator rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true in the population; a type l error (false-negative) occurs if the investigator fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false in the population. Thus, the type Il error occurs when the null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted, indicating no effect or difference when there actually is one.
62
In hypothesis testing, what is the null hypothesis? A. The hypothesis that is assumed to be false B. The hypothesis that is proven to be true C. The hypothesis that is tested using a two sample t-test D. The hypothesis that is based on expert opinion
B. The hypothesis that is proven to be true The null hypothesis is a statement assumed to be false or no effect present, which is tested against an alternative hypothesis.
63
What is a single-sample hypothesis testing problem? A. Testing the hypothesis about the difference between the sample mean and a known value. B. Testing the hypothesis about the difference between two sample means. C. Testing the hypothesis about the difference between two population means.
A. Testing the hypothesis about the difference between the sample mean and a known value. In a single-sample hypothesis testing problem, the hypothesis is about the difference between the sample mean and a known or predicted value
64
A statement made about a population for testing purpose is called A. Level of Significance B. Hypothesis C. Statistic
B. Hypothesis Hypothesis is a statement made about a population in general. It is then tested and correspondingly accepted if True and rejected if False.
65
Which term refers to the variable being predicted or explained in regression analysis? A. Response variable B. Error term C. Independent variable
A. Response variable The response variable, also known as the dependent variable or outcome variable, is the variable being predicted or explained in a regression analysis.It is denoted as Y.
66
What does RMSE stand for in regression analysis? A. Residual Mean Squared Error B. Regression Model Standard Error C. Relative Mean Squared Error D. Root Mean Squared Error
D. Root Mean Squared Error RMSE stands for Root Mean Squared Error. It is a measure of the average difference between the observed and predicted values of the dependent variable. RMSE is used to assess the goodness of fit of a regression model,with lower values indicating better fit.
67
Which correlation coefficient assumes a linear relationship between two continuous variables? A. Kendall's rank correlation coefficient B. Pearson correlation coefficient C. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient D. Coefficient of determination
B. Pearson correlation coefficient Most often, the term correlation is used in the context of a linear relationship between 2 continuous variables and expressed as Pearson product-moment correlation. The Pearson correlation coefficient is typically used for jointly normally distributed data (data that follow a bivariate normal distribution)
68
What would be the slopes of two regression lines parallel to each other? A. Negative B. Zero C. Positive D. Same
D. Same When two regression lines are parallel to each other, it means that they have the same slope. The slope of a regression line represents the rate of change in the dependent variable (Y) for every unit change in the independent variable (X). If two regression lines have different slopes, they would not be parallel. This would imply that the rate of change in the dependent variable differs for each unit change in the independent variable, leading to lines that do not run parallel to each other.
69
Which of the following are types of correlation? A. Simple, Partial and Multiple B. All of these choices C. Linear and Nonlinear D. Positive and Negative
B. All of these choices
70
All data points falling along a straight line is called A. Nonlinear relationship B. Linear relationship C. Residual D. Scatter diagram
B. Linear relationship All data points falling along a straight line is called a linear relationship. A linear relationship (also known as a linear association) is a statistical term that refers to a relationship between two variables that follows a straight line.
71
The correlation coefficient describes A. Only magnitude B. Only direction C. Both magnitude and direction D. None of these choices
C. Both magnitude and direction The correlation coefficient quantifies the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. It provides information about both the magnitude (strength) and the direction of the correlation. The coefficient's value indicates how closely the variables are related and whether the relationship is positive or negative.
72
Diana placed three tomato plants (A, B,C) under three different types of light.She measured the height of each plant after 3 weeks. What is the dependent variable? A. The tomato plants B. The different types of light C. The height of each plant
C. The height of each plant In an experiment, the dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed and is expected to be influenced by the independent variable.It is the outcome or response variable that researchers are interested in studying or understanding. In this scenario, Diana placed three tomato plants (A, B, C) under three different types of light and measured the height of each plant after 3 weeks The dependent variable in this experiment is the "height of each plant."It is the variable that Diana measured or observed to determine if it was influenced by the independent variable, which is the different types of light.
73
Which of the following is commonly referred to as 'data fishing'? A. None of these choices B. Data bagging C. Data booting
A. None of these choices
74
Experimental design methods are not used in ___ A. In process development B. Evaluating the process capability C. To obtain a process that is robust and insensitive to external sources of variability D. In process troubleshooting to improve process performance
B. Evaluating the process capability
75
Which key concepts are important in creating a designed experiment? A. Hypothesis testing and regression analysis B. Descriptive statistics and data visualization C. Correlation and causation D. Blocking, randomization, and replication
D. Blocking, randomization, and replication Key concepts in creating a designed experiment include blocking (restricting randomization), randomization (order of trials), and replication (repeating the complete experimental treatment).
76
The DFSS stands for ___ A. Development for six-sigma B. Design for six-sigma C. Degradation for Six-sigma D. Deleting for smaller standards
B. Design for six-sigma DFSS stands for Design for Six Sigma. It is a methodology that focuses on designing new products, processes, or services to meet customer needs and achieve high levels of quality and performance. DFSS aims to proactively address potential issues and variability during the design stage rather than relying on post-production improvements or problem-solving. It incorporates Six Sigma principles and tools to optimize the design and ensure that the final product or process meets customer requirements while minimizing defects and variability.
77
In a comparative experiment, what is the objective? A. To compare the mean values of different variables. B. To observe and record data without making deliberate changes. C. To rely solely on scientific theories for problem-solving D. To establish cause-and-effect relationships.
A. To compare the mean values of different variables. In a comparative experiment, the objective is to compare the mean values of different variables or conditions to determine if there is a significant difference between them.