Rels 100 Midterm terms I-Z Flashcards
Isaiah of Jerusalem (first Isaiah)
An eighth-century prophet and counselor of Judean kings. He was active during the reigns of Uzziah, Jothan, Ahaz, and Hezekiah.
Second Isaiah
message appears in Isaiah 40-55; writes when Judah has been in Babylon exile for fifty years
Third Isaiah: Chapters 56 - 66 of the book of Isaiah written after the exile
Israel:
the name given to Jacob by an angel in Transjordan and by Yahweh at Bethel
Jacob
The younger of twin sons born to Isaac and Rebekah, Jacob is famous for his shrewdness, opportunism, and craftiness.
Jael
wife of Heber the kenite, who offered hospitality to Sisera, a canaanite general, and then murdered him, becoming a national heroine in Israel.
Jehu
A son of Jehoshaphat whom the prophet Elisha had anointed king of Israel in 842 BCE, fulfilling an earlier command of Elijah. Thus commissioned by Israel’s prophetic guild, Jehu proceeded to slaughter Ahab’s family and all connected with it, including King Jehoram, King Ahaziah of Judah and his forty-two sons, Queen Jezebel, Ahab’s seventy sons, and numerous other Israelites who worshipped Baal. Jehu’s long reign saw Israel’s territory shrink to a fraction of what it had been under Omri and Ahab. Although he murdered Yahweh’s name, his actions were condemned by the Prophet Hosea.
Jepthah
The son of Gilead and a harlot, Jepthah was driven as a youth from the area of Gilead by his legitimate brothers but was recalled by Gilead’s elders when the Ammonites attacked Israel. An effective military leader, he defeated the Ammonites and was a judge in Israel for six years. Best known for vowing to make a burnt offering of the first person he met after the battle if Yahweh would grant him victory, he presumably immolated his own daughter, who had come to congratulate him on his success. The author of Hebrews praises him for his faith.
Jeremiah
One of Israel’s greatest prophets, Jeremiah warned Jerusalem and its kings of their misdeeds and of coming doom by the Babylonians for approximately forty years. Beginning in the thirteenth year of Josiah’s reign, he also prophesied during the reigns of Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah, continuing after Jerusalem’s fall and during a forced exile in Egypt.
Jericho:
The city which the Israelites conquered, when they first enter the land of Canaan. They circle the city for 6 days and on the 7th the walls fell due to either the priest blowing their horn, or the armies of Israel shouting. In lecture it was stated that the wall were already deteriorating, when they arrived.
Jeroboam:
An Ephraimite who led the ten northern tribes’ secession from the Davidic monarchy and became the first ruler of the northern kingdom. Jeroboam I reigned from approximately 922 to 901 BCE. His first capital was Shechem, site of the old tribal confederacy, but he later moved his administration to Tirzah, his former home and an ancient Canaanite royal sanctuary. The Deuteronomistic historians condemned Jeroboam I for establishing rival Yahwist shrines at Bethel and Dan to compete with the Yahwist Temple at Jerusalem, and they condemned him for tolerating the worship of such foreign deities as Chemosh, Ashtoreth, and the Ammonite Milcom.
Jerusalem
An ancient Palestinian holy city, sometimes identified with Salem of Genesis, but more often with Jebus, a city of the Jebusite tribe, Jerusalem became King David’s capital after he had captured it from the Jebusites. Solomon centralized the worship of Yahweh on a hill called Zion there, and Jerusalem remained the capital of Judah after the secession of the northern tribes. The city suffered three major destructions; in 587 BCE when the Babylonians razed Solomon’s temple; in 70 CE when the Romans destroyed the city and its Herodian Temple; and in 135 CE when the Romans demolished the city for the last time.
Jezebel
Daughter of King Ethbaal of Tyre and wife of King Ahab, Jezebel promulgated Baal worship in Israel and persecuted Yahweh’s prophets.
Joab
A son of Zeruiah, half-sister of David, Joab was the commander-in-chief of David’s armies who managed the capture of Jerusalem and successful wars against the Syrians, Ammonites, and Edomites. He murdered Abner, general of the northern tribes under Saul’s heir, Ishbaal; arranged Uriah’s death so that David could marry Bathsheba; reconciled David and Absalom but later killed David’s rebellious son; and supported the wrong contender for David’s throne, for which he was executed early in Solomon’s reign, supposedly on David’s deathbed advice.
Job
The name apparently dates from the second millennium BCE and may mean “one who comes back to God,” a penitent. It may derive from the Hebrew ayab, “to be hostile,” denoting one whom God makes his enemy. The central character of the wisdom book bearing his name, Job is lined with Noah and Danel as a person of exemplary righteousness. All three of Ezekiel’s heroes were non-Israelite; Job was probably an Edomite.
Jonah
A son of Amittai, a Zebulunite from Gath-hepher whom Yahweh sent as a prophet to warn Ninevah of its impending doom. The “sign of Jonah,” who was reputedly delivered from death inside a sea monster, is traditionally cited as prophetic of Jesus’ death and resurrection.
Jonathan
Son and heir of king Saul and famous for his unselfish devotion to young David. Along with his father, Jonathan was killed by the Philistines at the Battle of Gilboa, a loss David lamented in one of his most moving poems.
Joshua
The son of Nun, and Ephraimite, Joshua was Moses’ military assistant, in charge of the Tabernacle, one of the two spies optimistic about Israel’s prospects of conquering Canaan, and chosen to succeed Moses. He led the Israelites across the Jordan, captured Jericho and ‘Ai, warred against the Canaanite kings, allotted the land to various tribes, and made a covenant with Yahweh and the people.
Josiah
Son of Amon, Josiah became king of Judah after his father’s murder. The outstanding event of his reign was the discovery of the Book of the Law and the subsequent religious reform it inspired. Josiah purged Judah and part of Israel’s old territory of their rural shrines and “high places,” centering all worship at the Jerusalem Temple. He was killed at Megiddo attempting to intercept Pharaoh Necho’s army on its way to support the collapsing Assyrian Empire.
Judah
The fourth son of Jacob and Leah who, according to the J account, received his father’s most powerful blessing,
Judith
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Kavod
Hebrew term for Yahweh’s “glory” that was believed to be invisibility present in the jerusalem temple.
lex talionis
The law of strict retaliation, the principle of retributive justice expressed in the Torah command to exact “eye for eye, life for life” and rejected by Jesus.
literary criticism
Treats the Bible as literature ( crisis, characters, symbols) ex. who is the protagonist in the Bible? God so thats why we read it diffrently
lot
Nephew of Abraham, with whom he migrated from Ur to Haran, He reputedly fathered the nations of Moab and Ammon by incest with his two daughters
