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Religious Studies Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tanach

A

The Hebrew Bible, comprising Torah (Law), Nevi’im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings), seen as divine revelation.

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2
Q

Torah

A

The first five books of Moses; contains 613 mitzvot (commandments).

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3
Q

Nevi’im

A

The section of the Tanach that includes the teachings of the prophets and moral guidance.

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4
Q

Ketuvim

A

The Writings section of the Tanach, which includes Psalms, Proverbs, Job, etc.

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5
Q

Mishnah

A

The first written record of Oral Torah; basis of later Jewish law.

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6
Q

Talmud

A

A commentary on the Mishnah; includes Halakhah (law) and Aggadah (stories, ethics).

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7
Q

Responsa

A

Answers from rabbis to legal/religious questions.

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8
Q

Codes

A

Legal summaries such as Shulchan Aruch and Mishneh Torah by Maimonides.

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9
Q

Halakhah

A

Jewish law guiding religious and everyday life.

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10
Q

Orthodox Jews

A

Jews who see all texts as binding and divinely inspired.

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11
Q

Progressive Jews

A

Jews who may interpret texts symbolically or apply them more flexibly.

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12
Q

Siddur

A

A Jewish prayer book from which daily prayers and practices are derived.

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13
Q

Abraham

A

First to accept and spread belief in one God; entered a covenant with God promising land, descendants, and blessing.

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14
Q

Moses

A

Led Israelites from slavery in Egypt; received the Torah at Mount Sinai, including the Ten Commandments.

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15
Q

The Prophets

A

Key figures like Isaiah, Jeremiah, Amos, and Ezekiel who warned, guided, and inspired the Israelites.

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16
Q

RAMBAM

A

12th-century rabbi, philosopher, and doctor who wrote the Mishneh Torah and the 13 Principles of Faith.

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17
Q

Golda Meir

A

First female Israeli PM; symbol of Zionist leadership.

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18
Q

Rabbi Jonathan Sacks

A

Influential modern rabbi and philosopher.

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19
Q

Theodor Herzl

A

Founder of political Zionism; key to the modern State of Israel.

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20
Q

Pesach

A

Commemorates the Exodus from Egypt; celebrated for 7 or 8 days with a Seder meal including symbolic foods.

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21
Q

Rosh Hashanah

A

Marks the beginning of the Ten Days of Repentance; a time for self-reflection and renewal.

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22
Q

Yom Kippur

A

The holiest day of the Jewish year.

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23
Q

Yom Kippur

A

Holiest day of the Jewish year; involves a 25-hour fast, intense prayer, and repentance (Teshuvah).

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24
Q

Themes of Yom Kippur

A

Forgiveness, confession, and purification.

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25
Kol Nidrei
A prayer included in the Yom Kippur services.
26
Neilah
The closing service of Yom Kippur.
27
Chanukah
Celebrates the rededication of the Temple after the Maccabean revolt.
28
Miracle of Chanukah
One day's oil lasted eight days (Talmud - Shabbat 21b).
29
Menorah
Candles lit each night during Chanukah.
30
Traditions of Chanukah
Playing dreidel and eating fried foods (e.g. latkes, sufganiyot).
31
Significance to the Community Today
Strengthens Jewish identity and unity; teaches key historical and spiritual lessons.
32
Israel
The Promised Land - central to Jewish belief and history.
33
Jerusalem
Home to the Western Wall (Kotel) and Mount Moriah.
34
Masada
Ancient mountain fortress near the Dead Sea; site of Jewish resistance against Roman rule (73 CE).
35
Yad Vashem
National Holocaust memorial in Jerusalem that preserves the memory of the Shoah and honors the victims.
36
Attitudes to Pilgrimage
Orthodox Jews value visiting Israel, though pilgrimage isn't obligatory; Progressive Jews see spiritual value.
37
Significance of Pilgrimage Today
Offers personal and communal connection to Jewish history; reinforces spiritual values, resilience, and remembrance.
38
Synagogue
Hebrew for 'House of Assembly'; central place for Jewish communal worship, Torah study, and community events.
39
Aron Kodesh
Holy Ark; cabinet containing handwritten Torah scrolls, always on the eastern wall (towards Jerusalem).
40
Bimah
Platform from which the Torah is read during services.
41
Ner Tamid
Eternal Light; burns above the Ark, symbolizing God's eternal presence.
42
Seating arrangements in Synagogues
Orthodox: men and women sit separately; Progressive: mixed seating is allowed.
43
Prayer (Tefillah)
A mitzvah to pray three times daily: Shacharit (morning), Minchah (afternoon), Ma'ariv (evening).
44
Siddur
Prayer book that contains structured prayers and blessings.
45
Shema
Central declaration of Jewish faith (Deuteronomy 6:4): 'Hear O Israel...'
46
Amidah
Silent standing prayer said at every service.
47
Shabbat
Begins Friday sunset to Saturday sunset - a day of rest and spiritual renewal.
48
Kiddush
Blessing over wine and challah bread.
49
Prohibited activities (melachot)
Include work, writing, using electronics (Orthodox view).
50
Tallit
Fringed prayer shawl worn during morning prayers; tzitzit remind of God's commandments (Numbers 15:38-39).
51
Tefillin
Small leather boxes with Torah verses, worn on arm and forehead during weekday morning prayers (Orthodox males).
52
Mezuzah
Parchment scroll with the Shema, placed on doorposts; reminder of God's presence.
53
Brit Milah
Performed on the 8th day after a baby boy's birth (Genesis 17:10-12).
54
Bar Mitzvah
Jewish boy becomes religiously responsible at age 13.
55
Bat Mitzvah
For girls at age 12 (Orthodox) or 13 (Progressive).
56
Aufruf
Man gets called up to the Torah, opportunity to be wished mazal tov.
57
Mikveh
Immerse ourselves in bath to clean sins; women before the wedding, men customarily on the morning.
58
Fasting on Wedding Day
The morning of the wedding day; Ashkenazi Jews mainly do this.
59
Chupah
Wedding canopy which couple stands under to get married; symbolic of the home they will build together.
60
Ketubah
Contract of responsibilities that outlines responsibilities; needs to be signed by 2 Jewish witnesses (not family).
61
Bedeken
Veiling of the bride.
62
Birchat Erusin
Marriage blessing to make holy; commitment and the blessing is said over wine.
63
Breaking Glass
Man stamps on glass at end of ceremony, symbolizing the fragile relationship and destruction of the temple.
64
Sheva Brachot
7 marriage blessings that elevate the relationship.
65
Yichud
Spend time together to give gifts; in old times, people used to have sex straight afterwards.
66
Chevra Kadisha
Group prepares the body for burial with respect (taharah).
67
Shivah
7-day mourning period at home; mourners sit low, cover mirrors, and receive visitors.
68
Kaddish
Mourner's prayer praising God, recited daily for 11 months.
69
Yahrzeit
Annual memorial, marked with candle lighting and Kaddish.

GCSES (8 decks)

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