Many hoped that the Church would move towards a strict version of Protestant Doctrine, what was this called?
Calvinism
Why did the religious reform create a division in the Senior Clergy?
Reforms were more popular among the better educated clergy.
A group led by Thomas Cranmer wanted to adopt further Protestant reforms.
A group led by Stephen Gardiner wanted no more changes.
What were the moderate reforms that were passed in 1547?
- Parishes were obliged to obtain Protestant texts (Cramner’s book of Homilies and Erasmus’s Paraphrases)
- Services were to be delivered in English
- English bibles were provided to every parish
- Superstitious imagery was removed from Churches
- Clergy would be allowed to marry
What proof is there that there was opposition to the reforms in 1547?
Extremist Protestants distributed anti-Catholic literature, that was very critical of the way that the Church in England was run.
Extremist Protestants attacked Churches, vandalising symbols.
What attempts were made to quell the religious issues in 1547-8?
- The Church - An assembly of the Clergy was to be called in November 1547. Discussed the issue of Church reform, and agreed to some reforms (eg. Allowing the Clergy to marry).
- Parliament was called in November 1547, moderate legislation was passed:
- Treason Act, repealed Henry’s treason laws.
- Chantries Act, led to confiscation of the Chantries (property of the Clergy). - Privy Council, in January 1548 the council issued a proclamation to try to stem opposition.
- JP’s told to observe ceremonies and make sure they were in English and kept transubstantiation.
- Demanded the removal of any superstitious imagery.
When and why did the council ban public services?
In September 1548 to prevent open debate of the religious issue.
When was the First Edwardian Act of Uniformity passed?
In January 1549
What reforms did the First Edwardian Act of Uniformity introduce (Protestant & Catholic)?
Protestant:
- Services in English
- Clergy could marry
- Ending aspects of superstition in Churches
- Reduction of religious ceremonies
- Removal of statues or other images
- Worship of saints was discouraged
Catholic:
- Cranmer’s Book of Common Prayer included some Catholic beliefs
- Transubstantiation was not banned
- The existence of purgatory was not refuted
- Preservation of Catholic vestments
What rebellion was caused by the changes made in the First Edwardian Act of Uniformity in 1549?
The Western Rebellion 1549
How did Northumberland try to reinstate Catholicism in 1549 - 1550?
Tried to organise a marriage between Charles V’s (Spain) daughter Mary and Edward.
In November 1549, tried to have the 1549 Act of Uniformity repealed.
Efforts to try and increase the power of bishops.
Why did Northumberland switch sides and become a reformer in 1550?
He wanted to further his career, and consolidate his power in the Council.
What did the Treason Act of 1552 state?
Reinstalled Henry’s treason act. No longer allowed to question the King.
What did the Second Act of Uniformity do in 1552?
Made non attendance at church an offence, carrying possible fines or imprisonment.
What was Consubstantiation?
Introduced in 1552, instead of the bread and wine being the body and blood of christ, they were symbols under Consubstantiation.
What were the Forty Two Articles of 1552?
Written by Cranmer as a doctrinal basis of Protestant Church of England.
The articles were given royal assent. But they were never enforced.
