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Charles I > Religious policy in PR > Flashcards

Religious policy in PR Flashcards

1
Q

How were services made more uniform

A

By insisting on a strict adherence to the prayer book, bowing by the congregation table and the wearing of a surplice by a minister

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2
Q

What was the most visible sign of the new beliefs

A

Alter railed in at east end of church

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3
Q

What was done with the alter in practice

A

It was left in its preferred position

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4
Q

What did laud want with the altar

A

For it to be railed in the east end permanently, essentially cutting off the minister from his flock

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5
Q

What did this imply about communion

A

That it was like catholic mass

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6
Q

What was an anathema for puritans

A

The reissue of the book of sports with its implicit attack on sabbath

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7
Q

What did laud bring to his church changes

A

The policy of thorough

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8
Q

What were bishops ordered to do by laud

A

Live in the area of the country they controlled and to make regular visitations of their parishes

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9
Q

Where were clergy infringing church laws summoned

A

Before a church court of the court of high commission which developed a fearsome reputation

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10
Q

What did some clergy do

A

Flee abroad

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11
Q

Why was the book of sports welcomed by many

A

It provided a chance to relax on non-working days of the week

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12
Q

What did lauds reforms do to large areas of the population

A

Offend and alienate them and make them uneasy due to the implications

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13
Q

What was the feeling of unease a product of

A

The church people had grown up with was changing and those who had not altered their beliefs were branded as nonconformists

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14
Q

What seemed the only answer for some

A

Emigration as England was moving in a popish direction

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15
Q

What did some resisters do

A

Create pamphlets slandering bishops

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16
Q

What were the consequences for those who created the pamphlets

A

They were severely punished

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17
Q

What is an example of punishment received for writing pamphlets

A

Ears cut off in the pillory, imprisonment and a heavy fine

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18
Q

What was laud seen to be attacking

A

The position and property rights of the gentry

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19
Q

Why was laud anxious to restore the wealth of the church

A

To improve the status of the clergy

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20
Q

What were restrictions places on

A

The terms which church landlords could offer their tenants

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21
Q

What was the restriction designed to stop

A

Bishops would offer a long lease on low rent in return for a high entry fine, which impoverished future clergy

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22
Q

What did laud make unsuccessful attempts in

A

Recovering impropriations to provide more money for clergy stipends

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23
Q

What could providing money for the clergy only be done at the expense of

A

The gentry

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24
Q

What did laudianism blur

A

Social distinctions

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25
Q

Why were the gentry opposed to the book of sport

A

It threatened the law enforcement of the jps by potentially encouraging disorder

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26
Q

What did laudianism seem to lead to

A

Popery

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27
Q

What did Ireland have imposed in it

A

A Protestant ruling class

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28
Q

Why was land taken away from its original holders in Ireland

A

If they couldn’t provide a valid title to it

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29
Q

Who did land get given to in Ireland

A

Protestant settlers

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30
Q

How did Charles use Irish insecurity

A

To extract money for his wars

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31
Q

What did Charles promise to Ireland

A

Concessions known as the graces which confirmed their right to hold land

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32
Q

What did the graces become for the catholics

A

A major objective

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33
Q

Who was appointed lord deputy in 1632

A

Sir Thomas wentworth

34
Q

How much of an annual deficit was caused by Ireland

A

£20,000

35
Q

How did wentworth bring Ireland into a state of subservience

A

By exerting great pressure in the choice of parliamentary candidates and refusing to allow debate until the kings financial situation has been dealt with

36
Q

What did wentworth exploit

A

Irish divisions for money

37
Q

What did wentworth want in return for the graces

A

Additional subsidies for parliament

38
Q

What were the beliefs of the leader of the Irish church

A

Calvinist

39
Q

What did the leader of the Irish church oppose

A

Appointment of Arminians and the imposition of Arminian ceremony

40
Q

What did the court of high commission do in Ireland

A

Crush puritans opposition, and those who refused to conform lost their livings

41
Q

What were supporters of reform allienated by

A

Wentworth campaign to win back the church lands

42
Q

What was the winning of the church lands intended to achieve

A

To alleviate the poverty of the clergy

43
Q

Where had most of the church’s wealth in Ireland fallen

A

Into the hands of laymen

44
Q

Why did wentworth make influential enemies

A

His attack on property rights

45
Q

What united groups in Ireland

A

Church reform

46
Q

What did wentworth end in Ireland

A

The deficit

47
Q

What did Ireland start to contribute to

A

English treasury

48
Q

What did wentworth extend in Ireland

A

Powers of prerogative courts

49
Q

Who did wentworth impose large fines on

A

Those who opposed his measures

50
Q

What did wentworth make more efficient in Ireland

A

The administration of customs

51
Q

What did wentworth Irish policies bring

A

Increased revenue, efficient administration and a reformed church

52
Q

What was the cost of wentworth policies

A

He alienated every aspect of society

53
Q

What happened within two years of wentworth departure

A

Royal authority collapsed as rebellion swept the country.

54
Q

When was Charles coronated in Edinburgh

A

1633

55
Q

Why was it important for the king to be seen regularly

A

He was the source of patronage and power

56
Q

How did monarchs experience less problems in ruling across kingdoms

A

Going out of their way to give them equal attention

57
Q

How did the Scot’s feel about Charles

A

Slighted by his neglect, especially as he was the first of their kings to be regarded as foreign

58
Q

What were the Scot’s excluded from

A

England’s growing overseas trade

59
Q

How did Charles show his lack of sensitivity towards the Scot’s

A

His first act was to revoke all grants of land made by the crown since 1640

60
Q

What did the removal of Scottish grants of land include

A

Lands given to the nobility as a result of the reformation

61
Q

What did the act of removing grants of land effect

A

Almost all families of substance, it was an incredibly tactless move

62
Q

How was the act to remove all granted land later changed

A

Men could retain their lands on crown leases with an income going to subsidise the stipends of church ministers

63
Q

How successful was the act affecting grants of land in Scotland

A

Generally successful but at a political cost

64
Q

How did the nobility feel in Scotland

A

Alienated from the crown

65
Q

How did opposition remain in Scotland

A

Passive while the nobility was at odds with Presbyterian ministers who exerted great influence on political life

66
Q

What did the attempt to introduce a new prayer book do

A

Unite the nobility and Presbyterian ministers into a fervent uprising

67
Q

In what way was Scotland unusual

A

The majority supported a version of Protestantism that was unacceptable to the king

68
Q

What did the Scottish bishops draw up

A

A book of common prayer based on the English version with changes to make it more acceptable to the Scot’s

69
Q

What did the bishops produce

A

Canons which stipulated east -end altar tables

70
Q

What was there a lack of in bishops impositions

A

Consultation with the clergy

71
Q

How were the canons imposed

A

By royal decree

72
Q

What did the canons require

A

Obedience on pain of excommunication to a prayer book that no one had seen as it was not yet completed

73
Q

What were the fears surrounding the new prayer book

A

What it would contain and that it was full of popish rules

74
Q

How was the new prayer book imposed

A

By royal proclamation, abandoning all pretence of government consent

75
Q

What happened when the prayer book was introduced

A

There was a riot

76
Q

What did Charles ignore

A

Warnings from Scottish ministers about the gravity of the discontent

77
Q

What did Charles believe would end the problem

A

Firmness

78
Q

What did Charles do in 1638

A

Made protests against the prayer book an act of treason

79
Q

Who did the scots now have to choose between

A

Charles or the Presbyterian church

80
Q

What was drawn up

A

A covenant which thousands of Scot’s signed

81
Q

What did Charles authorise the marquess to do

A

Negotiate and make promises that he had no intention of keeping

82
Q
A

Charles I (1 decks)

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