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Philopsohy > Religious language Pt 2 > Flashcards

Religious language Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

when was the Vienna Circle created?

A

1920s

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2
Q

what is Logical Positivism?

A

only scientific language is meaningful as it alone can be shown through analysis

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3
Q

what were the two ways that langue is meaningful according to the Vienna circle

A

Analytically and Synthetically

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4
Q

what is analytical verification

A

a prior and refers to knowledge gained through reason e.g “all bachelors are male”

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5
Q

what is synthetic verification

A

a posteriori, knowledge can be proven true or false by sense experience.

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6
Q

what is Ayers verification principle

A

arguing primarily that statements may not be directly provable, but it is likely that we can prove it true beyond reasonable doubt.

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7
Q

what did Ayer distinguish verifiability into

A

practical verifiability and verifiability in principle

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8
Q

what is practical verifability

A

refers to statements that can be tested

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9
Q

what is verifiability in principle

A

means that one could verify a statement but in practise is difficult

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10
Q

which one is strong verification and which one is weak

A

strong = practical verification
weak = verifiable in principle

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11
Q

what did Ayer’s principle become known as

A

the principle of weal verification.

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12
Q

why does Ayer deny the existentece of God

A

as there is no way to empirically verify his existence

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13
Q

what was one of the reason Ayer developed his principle

A

as in theory the teleological argument could be weak verification for the existence of God.

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14
Q

how did ayer improve his principle

A

he changed it to direct verifiability and indirect

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15
Q

what is direct verification

A

refers to a statement that is verifiable directly by observation

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16
Q

what is indirect verification

A

statement may not be directly verifiable, but can be verified if directly verifiable evidence can support it.

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17
Q

how does Hick counter Ayers idea that God can not me empirically proved

A

the eschatological principle, when we die we will know

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18
Q

how does Ayer defend his principle from Hick

A

theory of an after life is theoretical, and we won’t have senses to verify it.

19
Q

how is the verification principle self defeating?

A

the principle can not be empirically proved, so is not meaningful and therefore contradictory.

20
Q

does Flew think religious language is meaningless?

A

yes, it fails to assert anything about reality.

21
Q

why does Flew think religious language is meaningless

A

cognitive meaning requires expression of belief. so even though religious language expresses belief, since they are unfalsifiable beliefs they have no meaning.

22
Q

how came up with the parable of the gardener.

A

Flew

23
Q

what is the parable of the gardener?

A

two people are walking through a forest and find a clearing. they wait to see if anyone comes but they don’t so one of them assumes its an invisible gardener. after a while the person says it must be a non physical, tangible gardener.

24
Q

St Paul said that religious belief is actually falsifiable. how?

A

christianity could be proven false if we find evidence that Jesus did not rise from the dead by finding his body. this passes Flews test of falsification and so would be meaningful

25
Q

how could Flew counteract St Pauls argument of finding Jesus’ body

A

christians may be tempted to say the body is fake if found. supporting Flews point that there really is no way to falsify belief in God

26
Q

who came up with the parable of the soldier

A

Basil Mitchell

27
Q

what is the parable of the soldier

A

a stranger a strong impression on a soldier saying he is the leader of the resistance. as a result, the soldier has faith in the person, even when they see them fighting for the government.

28
Q

what Is the meaning behind the parable of the soldier

A

that believers do recognise evil exists. often there is a limit to the amount of evil a believer can surpass before they stop being a believer. therefore religious language for the most part is falsifiable.

29
Q

what is a critic against Basil Mitchell

A

a religious persons ‘experience’ and personal relation with God is not really evidence. so is not a valid empirical evidence.

30
Q

what is fideism

A

view that faith alone can gain knowledge of God without the need for reason

31
Q

what is a quote that supports fideism

A

“what has Athen to do with Jerusalem”

32
Q

what is a strength of Fideism

A

religion and science have nothing to do with each other, this therefore explains how scientific evidence can neither approve or disprove religious belief.

33
Q

how does Natural theology oppose fideism

A

Natural theology used reason to play a role in religious belief, this is not the same for fideism that just believes faith is necessary.

34
Q

how can Wittgenstein language games be seen to move into Fideism

A

religion is purely a matter of faith and is a totally separate language game to science

35
Q

why would many religious people reject Wittgensteins fideism

A

God objectively exists and can be proved, it is not just faith.

36
Q

who came up with the falsification principle

A

Karl popper

37
Q

what is the falsification principle

A

falsificationists try to identify the credibility of statements by trying to disprove them

38
Q

why may falsificationism not work and who argued it

A

Flew argues that religious believes won’t let anything challenge their beliefs.
death by a thousand qualifications

39
Q

how does the parable of the invisible gardener prove that the falsification principle does not work

A

religious people respond to the threat of falsifiability and add infinite conditions. this makes religious language meaningless

40
Q

how is Mitchell able to prove that God can be falsified

A

people have different experiences. some peoples experiences are enough to have enough evidence to deny the existence of God. for other people, it is the other way around.

41
Q

who came up with the parable of the lunatic

A

hare

42
Q

what is the parable of the lunatic

A

a person has a undying belief that there are people out to get him.
his friends show multiples way in which his belief is wrong but the lunatic still won’t deny his belief.

43
Q

what does the parable of the lunatic show

A

unchanging beliefs known as ‘Bliks’ are still evidence as they can be life changing although they may seem meaningless.

Philopsohy (9 decks)

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