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Y11 SOR > RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION IN AUSTRALIA- 1945 TO THE PRESENT > Flashcards

RELIGIOUS EXPRESSION IN AUSTRALIA- 1945 TO THE PRESENT Flashcards

1
Q

Christianity 1947

A

88%

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2
Q

Christianity 2016

A

52.1%

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3
Q

Anglican 1947

A

39% of Christianity

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4
Q

Anglican 2016

A

13.3% of christianity

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5
Q

Catholic 1947

A

20.9% of christianity

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6
Q

Catholic 2016

A

22.6% of christianity

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7
Q

No religion

1947

A

0.3 %

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8
Q

No religion

2006

A

18.7 %

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9
Q

No religion

2016

A

30.1 %

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10
Q

Islam 2006

A

1.7%

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11
Q

Islam 2016

A

2.6 %

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12
Q

Reason Anglican

A
  • End of White Australia Policy & mass Immigration → less of a dominant English influence in religious landscape because of multicultural and multi-faith aspect of modern Australian society
  • -As more immigration from other theocratic countries
  • Ecumenical movements
  • Denominational switching is common in protestant churches which may reflect some of the decline in percentage
  • The increase of the total population of Australia results in the proportion of Anglicans to the total being shifted from what it was in 1947. As such, it is to be expected that the number will decline with the increase of the population coupled with immigration and declining English influence.
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13
Q

Reason Catholic

A
  • Is declining due to more people being no religion( while percentage increased, overall numbers decreased)
  • Catholicism is old christian denomination & people turning to new denominations eg hillsong which have modern perspectives on Christianity
  • Child abuse scandals impacted → some catholics would see this as against their beliefs and may have believed it was the fault of the Catholic Church and therefore may have left
  • Social issues that turn people away (eg church’s stance on LGBT, abortion)
  • High number in beginning caused by descendents of colonists and convicts being christian and so is majority. After various wars, Catholics coming from different parts of the world
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14
Q

Reason No religion

A
  • y/a more likely to report having no religion
  • not being pressured/forced into religion because of gov/society/culture
  • People are allowed to be no religion w/o fear of persecution
  • Advance of science = people have rational and logical worldview, and thus less belief in a religious explanation of creation and society, rather a scientific one.
  • Abuses of power - recent scandals involving Christianity = more people turning away from religion
  • Because of conflicting stances w/ social issues (eg LGBTI)
  • Fastest growing religion category
  • In 10 years it has grown 11.4%
  • Only introduced in 1971 → data before it is non-existent
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15
Q

Islam Reason

A
  • Islam is a growing religion in Australia & around the world is growing significantly
  • Migration → Muslims around the world (particularly Asia which is close to Aus) are able to/have come to Aus as Australia opened its borders to those who were not christian (end of White Australia Policy)
  • Refugees from Muslim countries in Africa or Middle East where conflict occurs in last few years → increase in Muslim population
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16
Q

Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to:
Christianity as the major religious tradition

A
  • Though Aus is multi-faith society; main religious affiliation still strongly Christian (52.1% in 2016)
  • Roman Catholic and Anglican Church still hold dominant roles (Anglican ties to Britain weakened significantly) (RCC → 22.6 & AC → 13.3 in 2016)
  • After WW2→ Europe contributed many nationalities under Catholic banner
  • 1975-1984→ Migration of Indo-Chinese refugees brought large Asian contingent to Catholic Church
  • Over 30 ethnic groups constitute the Catholic Church today in Aus
  • Pentecostal Churches shown significant growth→ popular with youth (use contemporary music, large stadium events, avoidance of formalised liturgy)
17
Q

Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to:Immigration

A
  • Arrival of other religious traditions added to main religion; Christianity. But numbers were small and had little impact on overall religious landscape
  • Aus Muslim population is immigrants from 35 countries; flee war etc
  • BUDDHISM
  • — Increase in Buddhists immigrating since suspension of “White Australia”policy (1960’s) to 2.4% (2016)
  • — 1973→ All barriers to non-Europeans were removed and Aus became attractive to Asian migrants
  • —1981-1991→ Buddhism fastest growing religion in Aus
  • JUDAISM
  • — After WW2→ Jewish survivors moved to Israel or Aus
  • —1945-1960→ Approx 30,000 Jews arrived from Europe,joining already established Jewish communities in Melbourne/ Sydney
  • —Likely Jewish pop is larger than recorded → is because many Jews have suffered persecution and are wary of disclosing their religious identity for fear of further persecution.

-Contemporary Aus becoming diverse in religious composition
Presence of synagogues, Buddhist and Hindu temples, mosques→ all changed Aus religious landscape (diminishing predominance of Christianity)

18
Q
  • Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to:

Denominational switching

A
  • Transfer of followers from one variant or denomination to another (usually in Protestantism)
  • Revolving door syndrome; moving from one to another
  • Feature of Christianity, but can occur across boundaries of any religious tradition
  • Enables person to find spiritual ‘home’ where they feel more at ease with style of worship and views put forwards by ministers in parish
  • Pentecostalism offers dynamic worship and personal salvation
19
Q
  • Account for the present religious landscape in Australia in relation to:
    Rise of New Age Religions
A
  • Rise of individualism; general trend of rejecting traditional organized religions and their authority & rigidity to seek spiritual fulfilment elsewhere
  • Focus on individualism & Freedom of expression
  • May be because organised institutional religion provides no ethical guidance for them
  • NAR→ “Loosely structured network of individuals holding new visions of enlightenment and harmony while subscribing to a common worldview.” RON RHODES
  • Tend to see reality as interrelated and interdependent; spirituality is multifaceted→ altered states of consciousness, reincarnation, spiritualism etc
  • E.g. Tarot cards, yoga, tai chi, Wicca, paganism
  • Creation centred; seeking guidance and answers
20
Q

Secularism

A
  • General trend to replace religious belief & practice with knowledge & activities drawn from secular disciplines of sociology, science etc
  • When religious perspectives abandoned in favour of non-religious response to life’s questions
  • Some see it as an attempt to abandon attitudes that instil guilt in individual, or as an option that excludes any form of religious adherence
  • Religious values are declining; replaced by materialism, individualism, hedonism
    Increase in ‘no religion” in census figures (to 30.1% in 2016)
21
Q

Religious dialogue in multi-faith Australia

- Describe the impact of Christian ecumencil movements in Australia

A
  • Ecumenism→ Christian unity among differing branches of religious community; movement towards unity amongst Christian churches
  • Positive call to unity and peace; successful in aiding social justice matters (e.g. refugee works)
  • Brings churches together; provides more opportunities help others; more work can be done
  • Larger number of provisions and resources utilised to help marginalised
  • Eg. UNITING CHURCH(Presbyterian, Methodists, Congregationalists in 1977)
22
Q

National Council of Churches Aus.

NCCA

A
  • Formed 1994, has 17 member churches (E.g. Salvation Army, Greek Orthodox Church)
  • Social justice programs: Act for Peace→ Brings refugees into society, provides aid
  • Calls churches together to help people in need, provides opportunity for unity in faith
23
Q

NSW Ecumencial Council

A
  • Formed 1982, has 16 member churches (E.g. Salvation Army, Greek Orthodox Church)
  • Involved in helping with homelessness, educating asylum seekers (House of Welcome to assist refugees)
  • Identify need for peace and for everyone to give to community
  • Seeks to unite different denominations by providing a platform for different churches to address sj issues.
24
Q

Evaluate the importance of interfaith dialogue in multifaith Australia

A
  • Interfaith dialogue: Cooperation between people of different faiths; create respect and appreciation for religious diversity
  • Promote mutual understanding, harmony, cooperation, interfaith prayer services
  • Promotes peace,unity between all people and strengthens relations
    Important during times of crisis; helps maintain peace and stops disharmony
  • Creates respect and appreciation for religious diversity (important because multicultural and multi faiths)
  • Ensures safety of people (prevents & aims to stop persecution)
    —-9/11 → Muslim community subjected to suspicion & persecution → IFD breaks down stereotypes and prejudice towards Muslims.
    -Builds relationships between different faiths so can effectively speak out on common issue
25
Q

NSW Council of Christians and Jews

A
  • Formed 1989, and holds activities to educate about faiths
  • eg annual passover demonstration for non-Jews; Panel discussions & seminars on current topics of relevance; evenings of multi-denominational poetry & music; and Holocaust education
  • Annual Christian commemorative service for the Holocaust held at St Mary’s RC Cathedral
26
Q

The Columban Centre for Christian-Muslim Relations

A
  • Formed 1997
  • 2 main objectives →1. foster relationships with the Muslim community; 2. to address misconceptions, lack of understanding and stereotyping that exists in Christian community
  • Dialogues between Christians & Muslims so can meet and learn about others beliefs and practises
  • Educates about the two faiths
  • Provides Muslim and Christian speakers for different groups, seminars, and has a newsletter
27
Q

Examine the relationship between Aboriginal spiritualities and religious traditions in the process of Reconciliation

A
  • Reconciliation: Process where Aboriginal and non indigenous citizens to move into future with new relationship based on mutual recognition, understanding and respect
  • Mistakes and injustices in past must be fully acknowledged and dealt with so everyone lives in harmony (e.g. dispossession of land, stolen generations)
  • To facilitate healing of spirituality and of Aboriginal condition→ many religious groups support reconciliation and need for formal apology
  • Church historically helped with destructive govt policies; now advocate for interfaith support in reconciliation
28
Q

Christianity

Reconciliation

A
  • Caritas→ calls for more assistance to Indigenous people due to ongoing traumatic effects of Assimilation
  • Roman Catholic Church involved National Reconciliation Week→ week of initiatives promoting reconciliation, focuses largely on Aboriginal health
  • Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation (ANTaR) is an example of a prominent church based organisation advocating indigenous rights.
29
Q

Islam Reconciliation

A
  • Islamic groups make public statements supporting reconciliation and formal apology for stolen generations and native title
  • The Australian Federation of Islamic Councils have made statements in support of indigenous rights and reconciliation.
30
Q

Buddhism

A
  • Peace fellowship runs programs for social welfare and education
  • Run a program for alcoholic Aboriginals; combines alcoholic anonymous process with Buddhist beliefs
  • Buddhist Peace Fellowship have also made statements in support of indigenous rights and reconciliation
31
Q

Judaism

A
  • In 2000 the Executive Council of the Australian Jewry also urged the Australian Government to implement the recommendations made by the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children and Their Families.
  • Various Jewish groups every year they hold a week of prayer for reconciliation.

Y11 SOR (4 decks)

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