Religious community and Church's Role

Question 1

according to Duffy, what was the late fifteenth century the age of?

Answer 1

emphatically the age of the parish church and of those who worshipped there

Question 2

What did the church provide a framework for?

Answer 2

for controlling how an individual thought, reasoned and behaved

Question 3

The Church offered various ways by which an individual could acquire grace in order to reach heaven. What is meant by grace?

Answer 3

the pure state of soul needed to be in order to enter heaven

Question 4

What were the 7 sacraments?

Answer 4

• baptism
• confirmation
• marriage
• penance
• anointing of the sick
• Holy Orders
• Eucharist

Question 5

Where did the central religious experience of the Catholic Church come from?

Answer 5

from the Mass where the priest would perform the sacrament of Holy Communion known as the Eucharist

Question 6

What is transubstantiation?

Answer 6

the Christian belief that the substance of bread and wine completely changed into the substance of Christ’s body and blood by a valid ordained priest during the consecration at Mass

Question 7

Where was the importance of the consecrated bread emphasised?

Answer 7

at the feast of Corpus Christi which was one of the most important feasts of the fifteenth century

Question 8

What were the 3 aims of bequests?

Answer 8

• enhance the beauty of worship
• ensure remembrance of the benefactor
• reduce the time the benefactor would spend in purgatory

Question 9

benefactors would leave money for the foundation of chantries. What were chantries?

Answer 9

chapels where Masses for the souls of the dead took place

Question 10

What was the most common source of finance for chantries ? (chapels where masses for the souls of the dead took place)

Answer 10

from property bequeathed in someone’s will

Question 11

Why did the dissolution of the chantries by Henry V111 cause so much distress?

Answer 11

as chantries were chapels where Masses for the souls of the dead took place, where benefactors saw their donations as a way of benefitting the religious experience of themselves and their community to lessen the time in purgatory

Question 12

Who were the confraternity? (4)

Answer 12

groups of men, and sometimes women, (lay brotherhood) who provided collectively the funeral costs of members, to pay chaplains for Masses for their members, to make charitable donations and to socialise

Question 13

What was a guild?

Answer 13

a religious group of lay men

Question 14

How many guilds did the small rural parish of Salle in Norfolk have?

Answer 14

7

Question 15

Wealthier guilds could be sources of local patronage and power, what did some of them run? (name 2 of 4 )

Answer 15

• schools
• almshouses (hospice)
• maintained bridges
• highways and sea walls

Question 16

In Louth in Lincolnshire, a wealthy guild, what did they do?

Answer 16

they paid for expensive projects such as the building of the spire at the Parish Church

Question 17

How did many parishes in the south and the south midlands raise funds?

Answer 17

through church ale festivals

Question 18

What were church ale festivals, a method used by many parishes in the south and the south midlands?

Answer 18

involved drinking and a range of entertainments

Question 19

people went on pilgrimages as a way of gaining relief from purgatory. What is an example of a tomb of a saint whom people visited?

Answer 19

Thomas Becket at Canterbury

Question 20

Where is there a shrine built of reported visitations of the Virgin Mary where people would go on pilgrimages too?

Answer 20

Walsingham In Norfolk

Question 21

what was a simpler form of pilgrimage which happened on Rogation Sunday?

Answer 21

the whole community would ‘beat the bounds’ of the parish, walking around its boundaries praying for its protection

Question 22

Why did Rogation Sunday show about parishes?

Answer 22

that they were the key focus of local community in the lives of ordinary people at the time