Religious changes Flashcards
What were Somersets religious policies?
- favoured a cautious approach towards reform and his council was dominated by reformists
- only moderate reforms were introduced which led him to fall out of favour with both factions
What were Northumberland’s religious policies?
- more radical religious reforms than under Somerset
- conservatives were driven out and active reformers were appointed as Bishops
What were the Book of Homilies (1547)?
collection of sermons intended to promote the reformed doctrines of the Church of England
What were the Royal Injunctions (1547)
Ordered Bishops to instruct their clergy that services had to be said every Sunday and ensure all parishes had an English bible as well as the removal of ‘superstitious images’
What were the Repeal of the Six Articles (1547)
undid main catholic practices such as removing the 4 sacraments
What was the Prayer Book (1549)?
first prayer book to include the complete forms of service for daily and Sunday worship in English enforced by the act of uniformity
What was the Second Prayer Book (1552)?
revised version of the first (more protestant) enforced by the second act of uniformity
What were the 42 articles (1553)?
doctrinal statements outlining key theological positions of the church (influenced by John Calvin) but were never fully implemented
What was Edwards influence on religious policies?
Decisive shift in policies came in 1550-51 when Edward began attending privy council meetings and was involved in the parliamentary legislation behind the second act of uniformity
Who was Thomas Cranmer?
Archbishop of Canterbury who produced the book of homilies and put together the first prayer book
What European reformers settled in England?
John Calvin - French theologian and reformer who replaced Martin Luther as the preeminent influence in reforming the church
Martin Bucer - Cambridge professor who criticised the first prayer book and influenced the second
What other religious reforms were there in Edwards reign?
- 1548 removal of images
- replacement of the alters (removal of stone altars and replacement with wooden ones)
What was the First Act of Repeal (1553)?
removed all religious legislation from Edward’s reign and led to no public outcry
What protestant bishops were removed and arrested in 1553?
Cranmer, Hooper and Ridley
What was the Second Act of Repeal (1554)?
continuation of the reversal of Edwardian changes to the church and reinstated the Pope as the head of the church
What were the revival of the heresy laws (1554)?
aimed to restore Catholicism as the official faith of England and were used to persecute protestants
What were the twelve decrees (1555)?
included the establishment of seminaries but shortage of money limited their creation to only one diocese (York)
What examples are there of religious persecution under Mary I?
- First victim burned in February 1555 followed by the burning of protestant bishops such as Hooper, Ridley and Cranmer
- around 300 suspected protestants were burnt in total
What increased Marian persecution?
The death of Stephen Gardiner in 1555 and the following influence of Cardinal Reginald Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury
Why did Cardinal Pole fail in strengthening the Marian Church?
- reduction in church revenues meant that there were not enough resources to reorganise the church effectively
- Pole fell was stripped of his title as papal legate as he fell out of favour with the new pope Paul IV who disliked the Spanish
What Catholic practices still remained?
Latin and imagery still remained In many churches, Mary still practiced her Catholic beliefs
