religious change under Northumberland Flashcards
Cranmer’s ordinals
Jan 1550
revised procedures for ordinating priests
reaction to Cranmer’s ordinals
Hooper imprisoned for failing to preach
satisfied moderate reformers but not the more extreme
removal of alters for communion tables success?
the destruction of alters outside London proceeded unevenly
depended on attitudes of the ruling elites and clergy
significance of alter removal
not very significant change as mostly focused in London. Other places didn’t really reform
repeal of conservative clergy
1549
conservative clergy removed
conservative clergy removed
gave the reformists the majority of the bishops
significance of conservative clergy
a full reform now started and revised procedures made it hard for any catholics to gain precedence
treason act
catholics could no longer practise their beliefs legally
catholic laity and clergy were deprived of their leaders so little opposition
reaction to second prayer book
extreme reformists didn’t approve because communicants were still expected to kneel and this was considered idolatrous
second act of uniformity
the people had to attend church, could be fined or imprisoned
people not happy - Edward died before it could be enforced
42 articles
only enthusiasm in London and surrounding counties
how protestant was England by 1553
legally, very protestant due to reforms
however, in reality only London and the south east complied
the reforms weren’t very successful as Edward died before they could be enforced and it was he who drove the change
northumberland’s beliefs
his re-conversion to catholicism before his execution in 1553 lead some historians to believe that he wasn’t a genuine reformer
attacks on the churches wealth
in 1552 there was a survey of the wealth of bishops, however, Edward died before any confiscation could start
people of England
there is equal agreement that there is insufficient evidence at present to decide whether the people of England had embraced the protestant religion
leading elites
most seemed to favour moderate Protestantism, only a few did not find it possible to conform under Mary
acceptance of Protestantism
it is considered that Protestantism, if not widely opposed, received only luke warm acceptance
successful introduction of Protestantism
there was a lack of good preachers
many conformed in public and continued private Catholic worship
some opposition - Western Rebellion
new Treason Act 1552
made it an offence to question Royal Supremacy or articles of faith in Church
it was planned to seize
all artefacts made of metal and precious metal to melt down and sell, but Edward’s death brought a halt to the process
still unclear:
purgatory still unclear, worship of saints discouraged but not banned, holy days remained and transubstantiation remained
the spread of Protestantism
was made difficult, by the lack of good preachers
