Religious Change 1534-47

Question 1

How can the religious changes be divided into periods?

Answer 1

1536-39 = swing towards Protestantism
1539-40 = return to more traditional practises
1541-43 = religious confusion
1544-47 = triumph of the Reformists

Question 2

Valor Ecclesiasticus

Answer 2

1535
Cromwell commissioned this survey into the wealth and condition of the church

Question 3

Executions

Answer 3

Carthusian Monks - Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas More in 1535
300 people were executed between 1533 and 1540

Question 4

Act for Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries

Answer 4

1536
Lesser monasteries = worth under £200

Question 5

Anne Boleyn’s beheading

Answer 5

May 1536
Betrothed to Jane Seymour the following day

Question 6

Act of Ten Articles

Answer 6

1536
Seven Sacraments of Catholic doctrine were rejected
Beliefs in baptism, the Eucharist and penance remained

Question 7

Royal Injunctions 1

Answer 7

1536
Issued by Cromwell
Ordered the clergy to defend the Royal Supremacy in sermons, abandon pilgrimages, give money to teach children scripture

Question 8

The Bishop’s Book

Answer 8

1537
Written by the clergy with Cromwell’s influence
Henry insisted that it wasn’t published until he had read it
Drifted towards Protestantism:
No discussion of transubstantiation
Mass was glossed over
Purgatory was present only in implication

Question 9

Matthew Bible

Answer 9

1537
Distinctly Protestant
Had the King’s permission

Question 10

Royal Injunctions 2

Answer 10

1538
Issued by Cromwell
The English Bible to be placed in all parishes
All births, marriages and deaths to be registered in every parish
People to be actively discouraged from pilgrimages (Becket’s shrine at Canterbury destroyed)
Relics to be removed from churches (rejection of purgatory)
Followed up with letters to JPs to ensure they were being enforced

Question 11

John Lambert

Answer 11

Tried and executed for rejecting transubstantiation in 1538
Clear commitment to Catholic beliefs from Henry

Question 12

Henry excommunicated

Answer 12

1538

Question 13

The Great Bible

Answer 13

1539

Question 14

Act of Six Articles

Answer 14

1539
Confirmed transubstantiation, private masses and the hearing of confession by priests
Banned marriage of priests and anyone who had taken vows of chastity, and taking communion in both kinds by lay people

Question 15

Act for the Dissolution of the Greater Monasteries

Answer 15

1539
All monasteries closed and passed to the Crown

Question 16

Anne of Cleves

Answer 16

Married January 1540
Sister of the Protestant Duke of Cleves

Question 17

Cromwell’s fall

Answer 17

Arrested and executed in 1540
One of the charges was for his religious views

Question 18

Catherine Howard

Answer 18

Married July 1540
The niece of the Catholic Duke of Norfolk
Executed 1542

Question 19

Act for the Advancement of True Religion

Answer 19

1543
Restricted access to the English Bible to upper-class men and noblewomen in private

Question 20

The King’s Book

Answer 20

1543
Revised the Bishop’s Book
Defended transubstantiation and the Six Articles, encouraged preaching and attacked the use of images
Written by Henry himself

Question 21

Catherine Parr

Answer 21

Married July 1543

Question 22

English litany in churches

Answer 22

1544
Priests did not have to use it

Question 23

Sir John Cheke

Answer 23

A Protestant humanist
Appointed to tutor Edward in 1544

Question 24

Chantries Act

Answer 24

1545 passed but not enforced
Allowed for the dissolution of chantries (which were where priests said masses for the souls of the dead, so were important to the belief in purgatory)

Question 25

Anne Askew

Answer 25

Burned for denying transubstantiation in 1546

Question 26

Regency Council

Answer 26

Named in 1546 and was heavily Protestant
Prominent Protestants included John Seymour and John Denny

Question 27

Elizabeth Barton

Answer 27

Holy Maid of Kent
Executed in 1534
Her and her accomplices were dealt with by Act of Attainder meaning that they didn’t have a criminal trail which would have raised their profile

Question 28

Cromwell’s efficiency at dealing with opposition

Answer 28

Parliamentary opposition dealt with through reason, persuasion and intimidation
Isolated and destroyed opposition e.g. Holy Maid of Kent
Controlled the printing press and pulpit
Legislation gave the reforms an air of legitimacy

Question 29

Economic gain of dissolution of the monasteries

Answer 29

£1.3 million 1536-47

Question 30

Lincolnshire Rising

Answer 30

October 1-11 1536
Began in Louth
Bishop of Lincoln was murdered
10,000 people including gentry, priests and monks
Duke of Suffolk’s army collapsed the rebellion

Question 31

The Pilgrimage of Grace

Answer 31

October-December 1536
Initiated by Robert Aske who ensured all goods were paid for and no murders were committed
30,000 men
Settled at Pontefract Castle - the most important fortress in the North
Henry sent a delegation led by Duke of Norfolk where a truce was signed, all but 10 ringleaders would be pardoned

Question 32

Pontefract Articles

Answer 32

Presented by the rebels at the Pilgrimage of Grace
Included demands about returning to the “old customs”, restoring supremacy to the “see of Rome” and social issues like “enclosures” and “quinidine”
They were promised a parliament to discuss the issues they had raised and that monasteries wouldn’t be suppressed before then

Question 33

Cumberland Rising

Answer 33

1537
Bigod was not satisfied that the government would fulfil their demands
Confirmed that the rebels were of bad faith
178 rebels executed including Aske and Bigod

Question 34

Nobles involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace

Answer 34

Lord Hussey, Lord Darcy (keeper of the most important fortress in the North), Lord Dacre’s sons (the most senior nobleman in the North), Earl of Northumberland