Religious Change 1534-47 Flashcards
How can the religious changes be divided into periods?
1536-39 = swing towards Protestantism
1539-40 = return to more traditional practises
1541-43 = religious confusion
1544-47 = triumph of the Reformists
Valor Ecclesiasticus
1535
Cromwell commissioned this survey into the wealth and condition of the church
Executions
Carthusian Monks - Bishop Fisher and Sir Thomas More in 1535
300 people were executed between 1533 and 1540
Act for Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries
1536
Lesser monasteries = worth under £200
Anne Boleyn’s beheading
May 1536
Betrothed to Jane Seymour the following day
Act of Ten Articles
1536
Seven Sacraments of Catholic doctrine were rejected
Beliefs in baptism, the Eucharist and penance remained
Royal Injunctions 1
1536
Issued by Cromwell
Ordered the clergy to defend the Royal Supremacy in sermons, abandon pilgrimages, give money to teach children scripture
The Bishop’s Book
1537
Written by the clergy with Cromwell’s influence
Henry insisted that it wasn’t published until he had read it
Drifted towards Protestantism:
No discussion of transubstantiation
Mass was glossed over
Purgatory was present only in implication
Matthew Bible
1537
Distinctly Protestant
Had the King’s permission
Royal Injunctions 2
1538
Issued by Cromwell
The English Bible to be placed in all parishes
All births, marriages and deaths to be registered in every parish
People to be actively discouraged from pilgrimages (Becket’s shrine at Canterbury destroyed)
Relics to be removed from churches (rejection of purgatory)
Followed up with letters to JPs to ensure they were being enforced
John Lambert
Tried and executed for rejecting transubstantiation in 1538
Clear commitment to Catholic beliefs from Henry
Henry excommunicated
1538
The Great Bible
1539
Act of Six Articles
1539
Confirmed transubstantiation, private masses and the hearing of confession by priests
Banned marriage of priests and anyone who had taken vows of chastity, and taking communion in both kinds by lay people
Act for the Dissolution of the Greater Monasteries
1539
All monasteries closed and passed to the Crown
Anne of Cleves
Married January 1540
Sister of the Protestant Duke of Cleves
Cromwell’s fall
Arrested and executed in 1540
One of the charges was for his religious views
Catherine Howard
Married July 1540
The niece of the Catholic Duke of Norfolk
Executed 1542
Act for the Advancement of True Religion
1543
Restricted access to the English Bible to upper-class men and noblewomen in private
The King’s Book
1543
Revised the Bishop’s Book
Defended transubstantiation and the Six Articles, encouraged preaching and attacked the use of images
Written by Henry himself
Catherine Parr
Married July 1543
English litany in churches
1544
Priests did not have to use it
Sir John Cheke
A Protestant humanist
Appointed to tutor Edward in 1544
Chantries Act
1545 passed but not enforced
Allowed for the dissolution of chantries (which were where priests said masses for the souls of the dead, so were important to the belief in purgatory)