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accounting exam #1 > Religions Final > Flashcards

Religions Final Flashcards

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1
Q

In Taoism, what does the concept of Wu Wei mean?

A

Pure Effectiveness or “going with the flow”

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2
Q

In the monistic tradition of Hinduism, what is one meaning for maya?

A

Refers to not perceiving reality as it really is, a condition that can be overcome through spiritual disciplines

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3
Q

In “The Horse Boy,” why did the last healer the family visited instruct the parents to make a drum for their son?

A

Because the boy was destined to become a healer or shaman in the future

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4
Q

In Hinduism, what is a Sannyasin?

A

A holy person that has renounced the material life in favor of seeking spiritual truth

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5
Q

The original teachings of the Buddha taught that humans did not possess souls (T/F)

A

True

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6
Q

What are the EARLIEST Christian writings?

A

Paul letters

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7
Q

What one answer most accurately contains traditional Indigenous views of the universe and the earth?

A

Indigenous people traditionally experience the world around them as alive with spiritual beings and non-human persons that demand that they participate and respond appropriately

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8
Q

What two realms were in constant contact and dialog in ancient Chinese religion?

A

Heaven & EArth

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9
Q

What one answer describes why so many Indigenous peoples use things like sweat lodges before partaking in rituals like vision quests or puberty ceremonies?

A

Doing so purifies the person’s mind of unnecessary thoughts and the body of impurities in order to make the person cleansed and receptive to new knowledge gained in other ceremonies

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10
Q

While many practicing Jews, Christians, and Muslims thank their God for their food at the dinner table, whom did many Indigenous people traditionally thank?

A

The spirit of the animal itself for having given its life

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11
Q

In Christianity, what does the Incarnation refer to?

A

The belief that God became human through Jesus

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12
Q

In Lakota, what does the phrase, Mitakuye Oyasin mean?

A

“All my relations or relatives”

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13
Q

What did the shamans attempt to heal the child of in the documentary. “The Horse Boy”

A

Autism

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14
Q

In the documentary, “The Horse Boy,” the mother begins dreaming of a female relative, who died mentally ill, smiling after the first healing ceremony. (T/F)

A

True

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15
Q

What TWO answers best explain why many early Europeans and non-Native peoples believed Indigenous peoples lacked religion?

A
  1. For early Europeans, true religion consisted of beliefs and practices and practices that closely resembled Christianity
  2. Unlike Europeans, Native peoples made no distinction between their everyday lives and their religious lives
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16
Q

What is the Atonement in Christianity?

A

Jesus suffering and death for the sins of the world

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17
Q

How is the Buddha looked upon in Mahayana Buddhism?

A

As a savior figure that came to help humanity by showing the way out of samsara and ignorance towards enlightenment

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18
Q

What is the name of your instructor for World Religions this semester?

A

Brady DeSanti

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19
Q

What is the largest tradition within Islam?

A

Sunnis

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20
Q

How might the concepts of “good” and “evil” be understood in Indigenous belief systems?

A

As “good” corresponding to balance and “evil” with imbalance

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21
Q

Which of the following did Confucius most emphasize in his teachings as part of his reform movement within ancient China?

A

Earth’s role and human relationships

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22
Q

What one answer best describes why shamans can be referred to as “Wounded Healers” in terms of the roles they play in their communities?

A

In becoming a shaman, many experience a profound ordeal or crisis in which they must overcome the spirits of disease and sickness in order to be able to help others

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23
Q

Many Native boys and girls go through an elaborate ceremony upon entering puberty and becoming adults to discover who they are and what their destinies are to be. what is this practice often referred to as?

A

Vision Quest

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24
Q

Islam teaches that Jesus was not crucified, that God spared him from a fate unfit for a prophet of God (T/F)

A

True

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25
Q

what does the phrase “other-than-human-person” mean according to Native American beliefs?

A

That “personhood” is extended to include animals and aspects of nature, and is not limited to human beings alone

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26
Q

Which of the following DOES NOT describe the nature of the Israelite God?

A

God is actually part of the natural world

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27
Q

What do Hindus often times refer to their religions, which translates into “Eternal Way?”

A

Santana Dharma

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28
Q

Which of the following best characterizes Indigenous religions?

A

Their traditions are primarily community-based and people specific

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29
Q

Within Buddhism and Hinduism, what aspect of the human personality is the main stumbling block, preventing humanity from seeing its true identity and the nature of reality?

A

The Ego

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30
Q

What is a difference between the creation story shared by the Abrahamic traditions and many Indigenous accounts?

A

Indigenous creation accounts often begin with their being something already in existence

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31
Q

What’s the most popular symbol for illustrating great truths within Taoism?

A

Water

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32
Q

What is the most widely practiced tradition/denomination of Buddhism in the world, sometimes described as the “Buddhism for the people?”

A

Mahayana

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33
Q

What does Messiah mean literally?

A

Anointed One

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34
Q

Most Indigenous peoples have names for their own communities that translate into what in English?

A

The People

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35
Q

Muslims worship Muhammad (T/F)

A

False

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36
Q

What is the Jewish day of atonement known as?

A

Yom Kippur

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37
Q

Islam teaches the doctrine of original sin (T/F)

A

False

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38
Q

How did Taoist practitioners feel people could best align themselves back into harmony?

A

By aligning one’s self to the natural order and rhythm nature

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39
Q

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have in common this view about the nature of God. What is it?

A

God primarily discloses himself through human history and events

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40
Q

Which of the following is a name for the Creator (“God”) in Lakota?

A

Wakan Tanka

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41
Q

Moses is one of the most highly regarded prophets in Tibetan Buddhism (T/F)

A

False

42
Q

Overall, which of the following statements best characterize the purpose/main goals of the Chinese and Indigenous religions we’ve discussed in this class?

A

They are primarily this-world oriented, focusing on how best to live in this life

43
Q

According to Confucius, how could the Chinese best get back on track and live in balance and harmony?

A

By following the traditions of their ancestors and abiding by proper social relationships with corresponding obligations towards one another

44
Q

The name of the Tao/life force that flows through a person’s body is known as what in Asian thought?

A

Chi

45
Q

Indigenous peoples had a system of checks and balances to ensure the accuracy of oral traditions, and should not be viewed as the children’s game, telephone. (T/F)

A

True

46
Q

What is the Eightfold Path?

A

In Buddhism, a way of life in which one is eventually able to rid themselves of personal cravings and desires, ending their suffering

47
Q

In the movie, “Jacob’s Ladder,” what does Jacob have to ultimately accept and make peace with it?

A

That he’s dead and was killed in Vietnam

48
Q

What is salvation in Buddhism referred to as?

A

Nirvana

49
Q

What is the first of the Five Pillars of Islam?

A

The Shahadah, or declaration of faith

50
Q

From the video I briefly showed with Walter Echo Hawk, what idd he say about the way Native American religions have been viewed and treated by the Federal Government?

A

That NAtive American religions were once against the law to practice for about 80 years

51
Q

The most important book in Taoism is known as what?

A

Tao Te Ching

52
Q

The ordering principle, which balances the entire universe and all life according to opposites in Asian philosophy is known as?

A

Yin & Yang

53
Q

What is Suffisim?

A

Islamic Mysticism

54
Q

What tradition does Tai Chi originally come from?

A

Taoism

55
Q

What feature do Indigenous religions share with Taoism?

A

All things are interconnected and go together in the universe

56
Q

What is karma in Hinduism and Buddhism?

A

The moral law of cause and effect

57
Q

Most Indigenous cultures worldwide tell stories about a mythic figure that acts out the appropriate and inappropriate ways of acting in that community. What is this figure usually referred to as?

A

Trickster

58
Q

The historical Buddha taught that one must pray to a god with all their heart and soul for them to achieve enlightenment? (T/F)

A

False

59
Q

The historical Jesus was of European descent/ (T/F)

A

False

60
Q

Confucius taught that Chinese society could be brought back into balance by harmonizing with nature, not through proper social relationships? (T/F)

A

False

61
Q

What one answer best contains traits found in virtually all traditional Indigenous religions?

A

A belief in a multileveled universe compromised of a sky world, the earth, and an underworld

62
Q

Which of the following is a feature of ancient Chinese religions?

A

Veneration of ancestral spirits

63
Q

What individual do Jews, Christians and Muslims all see as an important person?

A

Abraham

64
Q

What is Sharia in Islam?

A

Islamic law and governance

65
Q

What are Hadiths in Islam?

A

Reports of things Muhammad said and did during his life that are seen as authoritative

66
Q

Judaism is a religion that seeks as many converts as possible (T/F)

A

False

67
Q

At one point in U.S. history, a ban was placed on NAtive people practicing their spirituality (T/F)

A

True

68
Q

In the monistic traditions of Hinduism, what is the name for Ultimate Reality, which permeates all that there is, including every material being and object in the universe?

A

Brahman

69
Q

Despite misunderstandings, what does the world Pagan LITERALLY mean?

A

One who lived off the land

70
Q

What one answer best describes the practice of some communities like those found in China, Japan, and Native Americans incorporating aspects of other religious traditions and blending them together?

A

Religious Syncretism

71
Q

Why might it not be appropriate to refer to the Hebrew Bible as the “Old Testament” all the time?

A

Because doing so gives the impression that the Jewish scriptures have been superseded or passed over by the New Testament, something practicing Jews do not accept

72
Q

Which of the following is a way of increasing the flow of the Tao throughout one’s body in some Taoist traditions?

A

One’s life force can be increased through proper nutrition and meditation

73
Q

What is the Tibetan Book of the Dead primarily used for?

A

To serve as a guide on how to navigate the transition from one existence into another after death

74
Q

What do most Protestant denominations believe should be the primary authority for Christian doctrine?

A

The Bible

75
Q

What did I mention about many Indigenous healing ceremonies?

A

That these ceremonies often include the entire community during the ritual of healing

76
Q

Who was the founder of Taoism?

A

Lao Tzu

77
Q

What are the most important writings in Confucianism?

A

The Analects

78
Q

Which of the following religions understand time linearly, with history moving forward with a specific purpose known as Judgement Day?

A

Islam

79
Q

In Chinese religion, what is the principle by which the universe is seen as a unity in which everything fits together?

A

Tao

80
Q

Most Indigenous creation stories have humans as the first beings created and superior to all other forms of life (T/F)

A

False

81
Q

Muslims celebrate a holy month known as Ramadan, which commemorates the creation of the world? (T/F)

A

False

82
Q

Which one answer contains the best description of what an Indigenous creation storyteller sought to convey to his or her listeners?

A

The importance of maintaining kinship relationships with specific non-human persons and specific lands

83
Q

What does Moksha refer to in Hinduism?

A

Liberation or release from the cycles of life

84
Q

Which of the following religions did the practice of acupuncture come from?

A

Taoism

85
Q

What answer best describes the way in which traditional Indigenous peoples view land?

A

Certain lands are though to be for specific peoples, who are to have a relationship with it and the nonhuman persons that reside there

86
Q

What did the first group of shamans say was causing the body’s condition in “The Horse Boy”?

A

A deceased female relative’s spirit was clinging to his soul

87
Q

In the documentary “The Horse Boy” what did the last shaman say would happen immediately after the ceremony?

A

His autistic fits and inability to go to control his bowelswould be immediately cured

88
Q

It is accurate to speak of one Native American culture in a singular sense, not plural, since they all have the same beliefs? (T/F)

A

False

89
Q

Which of the following “non-human persons” played a crucial role in Great Plains Native American societies?

A

Buffalo

90
Q

Can anyone become a medicine man/woman if they want to?

A

No, most claim that the role actually chose them

91
Q

What is the primary goal in Philosophical Taoism?

A

To maintain one’s natural supply of Tao and not expend it wastefully

92
Q

Which of the following IS NOT one of the five most important relationships spoken of within Confucianism?

A

Between an uncle and niece

93
Q

What is the Greater Jihad?

A

Controlling one’s inner selfishness and tendency to do wrong

94
Q

What cultural feature of Indigenous peoples traditionally share in common with Asian people?

A

A reverence and deep respect for elders

95
Q

Which yoga in Hinduism could possibly accept Jesus as a god, along with many others, as a valid way of achieving the Hindu concept of salvation?

A

Bhakti

96
Q

What is the Shema?

A

One of the most important Jewish prayers

97
Q

Who or what comprised Heaven in ancient Chinese religion?

A

Ancestors

98
Q

What was God’s personal and sacred name according to the Israelites, which was to be spoken once a year by a priest?

A

Yahweh

99
Q

What did the Buddha say is the cause of human suffering?

A

Personal desires that come from attachment to one’s ego

100
Q

Muslims believe the teachings of the Qur’an, word for word, ultimately originate with who?

A

God

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