religion unit 2 aos #2

Question 1

deontological (ought ethics)

Answer 1

focuses on what should be done to achieve the good

–> a theory that suggests actions are good or bad according to a clear set of rules

Question 2

utilitarian (outcomes ethics)

Answer 2

action that provides the most good and the least harm.

—> providing the greater happiness for others regardless of intention

Question 3

absolutism

Answer 3

there is only a right or wrong, no in between – it is very black and white.
–> killing is always bad, even in self defence

Question 4

relativism

Answer 4

we make our own judgements. Let’s agree to disagree.

–> there are no universal truths for right and wrong - vary based on culture and society

Question 5

subjectivism

Answer 5

morality is based on your own judgements and feelings and nothing more.
–> we create our own morality

Question 6

moral values

Answer 6

universal or cultural ideas that have an importance attached to them
–> many different values are found in a pluralist society

Question 7

normative standards

Answer 7

describes actions or inactions of which a culture approves/disapproves
–> enforced by family/friends/religious community

Question 8

social norms

Answer 8

‘rules’ created by what everyone else does, whether it follows or goes against the law

Question 9

mores (morays)

Answer 9

customs and conventions of society, groups, and individuals that are important for acceptability and are usually enforced by law
–> includes expectations associated with membership of a certain group

Question 10

conscience

Answer 10

ability to know right and wrong and take action/make decisions based on it.

• -> formed through life experiences
• -> encompasses intuition and strong emotions

Question 11

intuition

Answer 11

a feeling based on emotional intelligence, natural law, or life experiences

–> sometimes known as a “gut feeling”

Question 12

world view

Answer 12

how an individual, group, or society interprets the totality of existence and world history or civilisation and how they choose to act based on this interpretation.

Question 13

assumptions

Answer 13

statements/ideas believed to be true without supportive evidence
–> used as a reason/basis for decision making

Question 14

reasoning

Answer 14

ethical decision-making can occur in a split second and justified in a simple manner
“it felt like the right thing to do”

Question 15

ethical authority

Answer 15

any person, thing, idea used to support ethical perspective
–> may not be convincing, reliable, acceptable, or valid to back up an argument even if the person is totally convinced.

Question 16

ethical issue

Answer 16

a matter about which a disagreement over what is “morally right” and appropriate behaviour for human beings.

–> abortion is “inappropriate behaviour” according to pro life people