Religion + Social Change

Question 1

Liberation theology

Answer 1

Movement emerged within Catholic Church end of 1960s. Movement strong commitment to poor + opposition to military dictatorships that then ruled most of the continent. Emerged because of growth of rural poverty + urban slums throughout Latin America + human right abuses following military takeover. Emphasises ‘Praxis’ practical action guided by theory e.g. Priests leading literacy programmes. However played important part in resisting dictatorship + bringing about democracy in Latin America.

Question 2

Millenarian movement

Answer 2

An example of desire to change things here + now. Worsley argues they expect the total transformation of this world by supernatural means, creating heaven on earth. Appeal mainly to the poor as they promise immediate improvement + often arise in colonial situations.

Question 3

Weber - spirit of capitalism

Answer 3

Argues religion can change society. Religious beliefs of Calvinism bought - major social change - capitalism in EU. Calvinist beliefs in the ‘Elect’ + resultant turmoil of entry to heaven encouraged believers to follow an ascetic lifestyle in devotion of God. Believers expected to devote life work to God + worked hard long hours in pursuit of business success- but don’t spend profit.
Criticism - weber overestimates role of ideal + underestimates economic factors in bringing capitalism into being.