religion renewal and choice

Question 1

Davie

Answer 1

Believing without belonging- holding religious beliefs without belonging to an organisation.

Spiritual health service- only using religion when we need it e.g funerals in churches

Question 2

Voas and Crockett- criticism

Answer 2

Both belief and attendance is declining

Question 3

Hervieu-Leger

Answer 3

Cultural amnesia- we’re forgetting how to be religious because of lack of religious socialisation.

Spiritual shopping:
Pilgrims- pick and choose what they like and want to follow from different religions.
Converts- switch from one religion to the next.

Question 4

Lyon

Answer 4

Disembedded religion- religion is no longer tied to just inside the church e.g televangelism.
Links this to globalisation, increase in media and growth in consumerism.

Question 5

Hellend

Answer 5

Online religion- churches can provide services online.
Religion online- communities of religions that exist online.

Question 6

Cowan

Answer 6

Studied pagans who gained self-worth through belonging to a global network online.

Question 7

Berger

Answer 7

Loss of faith in meta-narratives: no monopoly of truth

Question 8

Heelas and Woodhead- the New Age

Answer 8

There’s been a spiritual revolution.
Congregational domain- people who belong to organised religion
Hollistic milleau- people who focus on individualism and spirituality

Question 9

Lyon- reenchantment of the world

Answer 9

The world is becoming more spiritual with the west turning to non-traditional religion.

Question 10

Stark and Bainbridge

Answer 10

Criticise secularisation for being too eurocentric.
Religion offers compensators e.g life after death.
Cycle of renewal- religious decline, revival, and renewal.
Religious competition- composition leads to improvement.

Question 11

Stark and Bainbridge- ‘religious market theory’ (America vs. Europe)

Answer 11

America:
- religion thrives as there’s no religious monopoly (have freedom of religion)
- religions continuously fight to improve and offer individuals what they want so that they gain followers.

Europe:
- national religion
- religion doesn’t change or improve because its position isn’t threatened.

Question 12

Norris and Inglehart

Answer 12

Religiosity in societies is because of existential security.
Poor societies- have life-threatening risk (famine/disease) creating high insecurity and therefore high religiosity.
Rich societies- high standard of living, low risk, high security, therefore more secular.

Question 13

Gill and Lundegaarde

Answer 13

Support N and I- the more a country spends on welfare, the less religious participant there is

Question 14

Vasquez- criticism

Answer 14

N and I used quantitative data (just looked at income), didn’t take into account what ‘existential security’ meant to people