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Religion > Religion Mid-year exam > Flashcards

Religion Mid-year exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Religion Nature

A

“In Religion and Society, religion is defined as a community organised around beliefs related to ultimate reality (god) and the consequent beliefs, practices, principles and codes for behaviour”

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2
Q

Religion Purpose

A

No religion wants to divide us

  • Moral compass
  • Discipline
  • Meaningful life
  • Understanding
  • Be part of a community
  • Framework for living
  • Identity
  • Spiritual fulfilment.
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3
Q

Role of Religion

A
  • Structure in the morning, praying
  • Shabbos- reflection time
  • Helping others
  • Regularly talks through ideas, no form for a person with wisdom to talk to you about how you are? Religion communicate ethics
  • Gather people around and tell them to be nice to each other.
  • Australia: Tv, entertainment, cafes. Safety for people religious place
  • See each other as human being
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4
Q

9 aspects of Religion: Beliefs

A

Particular beliefs an adherent of a Religion believes, in terms of God, Gods, spiritual rituals, meaning of life etc. In Christianity, they believe in the central belief of that Jesus is Son of God. Judaism belief in one God, Islam believe in Allah their God.

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5
Q

9 aspects of Religion: Sacred Stories

A

Sacred stories are stories that people turn to, to glimpse the transcendent, to conserve a faith tradition, to be authoritatively guided, or to address life’s big questions. Sacred stories shape and guide lives and are often ‘revealed’. Sacred stories bind communities. Judaism - Noah’s ark, Exodus from Egypt, megillat Ester

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6
Q

9 aspects of Religion: Spiritual experience

A
  • A transformation experience
  • Relationship, connection with the religion is impacted
  • Experiences may be positive or negative.
  • A moment that just happens that draws you closer to the beliefs of your religion.
  • Spiritual awakening
  • Connect to god, take time out of your day to experience spirituality. Focus on the beliefs.
  • A moment for a change of consciousness.
  • Experience of positive or negative - God is punishing you, purim faced the genocide, literal genocide. Yom kippur- fast, get rid of all his sins. Leads you to a spiritual experience
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7
Q

9 aspects of Religion: Texts

A

Sacred books of religion, that adherents read.
Islamic Sacred Text: The Quran and Hadith
Jewish Sacred Texts: The Tanach, Mishnah, Talmud and Midrash

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8
Q

9 aspects of Religion: Ethics

A

Moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conducting of an activity

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9
Q

9 aspects of Religion: Social structures

A

Include family, religion, law, economy and class. Social structures in christianity.
1)Pope 2)Cardinals 3)Archbishops 4)Bishops 5)Priest 6)Catholics. Catholic church believe in the trinity - Father - son - holy spirit = one god all the same thing

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10
Q

9 aspects of Religion: Symbols

A

The representation in visible form of ideas, beliefs, actions, persons, events,
Christianity (cross) = he suffered so we did not have to.
Buddhism: dharma wheel

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11
Q

9 aspects of Religion: Rituals

A

A religious ritual is any repetitive and patterned behavior that is prescribed by or tied to a religious institution, belief, or custom, often with the intention of communicating with a deity or supernatural power.

Islam = go to the Hajj, pilgrimage, five prayers a day.

Buddhism = meditation. Mandala, time of meditation, then destroy it to remind them of impermanence, things end, meaning for their life, reminder, life rushes by like a dance or lightning beauty doesn’t last forever, find middle ground, do not be attracted to superficial things. Beliefs, artifacts, the process and what is doing are both teachings.

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12
Q

Monotheism

A

The doctrine or belief that there is only one God, like Judaism, Christianity, Islam

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13
Q

Atheism

A

Disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of God or Gods.

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14
Q

Agnosticism

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A person who believes that nothing is known or proved of the existence or nature of God.

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15
Q

Science

A

The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.

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16
Q

Secular

A

Not connected with religious or spiritual matters

17
Q

Worldviews

A

A particular philosophy of life or conception of the world

18
Q

Religions in Australia

A 
No religion (30.1%)
Protestantism (23.1%)
Catholicism (22.6%)
Orthodox Christian (2.3%)
Other Christian (4.2%)
Islam (2.6%)
Buddhism (2.4%)
Hinduism (1.9%)
19
Q

Story of Buddhism

A

Started with a buddha, lived before Jesus, born into a wealthy family, wanted to have a perfect life, left kingdom, gave up all possessions, wondered the world for 6 years, learn the wisdom of the street, realise it was not the way to reach perfection, not pursuing wealth and luxury, stuck by what he discovered / woke, he thought people to not be obsessed with his possessions.

Four people he meets , kept away from all dissatisfaction
A sick person, old man, dead man, satisfied homeless person who is meditating = life is suffering, inevitableness of Dukkah, impermanence. Solution = person who is meditating, don’t run from suffering, learn to accept it and live in the moment, mindfulness, stop desire things, attachment, give up on your cravings, motivated

20
Q

Story of Muhammad

A

Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. At age 40, he began to have revelations from Allah that became the basis for the Koran and the foundation of Islam. By 630 he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion.

21
Q

The 3 Jewels = three things to achieve enlightenment

A

Buddha - the teacher, life of a buddha is the possibilities that this is truth, mentor or guide, teacher.

Dharma - the teachings, teachings of buddhism, the method of retaining englitenment, what the Buddha taught, of the ways to achieve it, almost like a recipe

Sangha - the community buddhist followers, the kitchen, the community of monks, people trying to achieve enlightenment, cannot be able to do it on their own, need appropriate context. The cycle of rebirth. Continuous circle of life, death, rebirth, depends on actions, Determines level of rebirth, aims to end the cycle of rebirth.

22
Q

Karam

A

‘what goes around comes around’
The environment you create is the environment you have to live in
Actions have consequences
Actions - seen as bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation

23
Q

The three signs of being

A
  • Dukkha (suffering)
    Everything is suffering
    Nothing is life is absolutely perfect
  • Anicca (change)
    Impermanence
    Nothing lasts
    Like mountains constantly change all the time
  • Anatta
    ‘No soul’
    People are made of five parts - body, feel things, can think, have ideas and beware of things.
    Rebirth - birth, illness, death, rebirth called samsara
    letting go, embracing nothingness.
24
Q

The four noble truths

A
  • The first noble truth
    “Dukkha happens everywhere all the time”
    Everything in the world is dukkah, nothing is perfect \
    To live is to suffer
    Every life has kamma
    Suffer from the person’s previous life
- Second noble truth 
Greed and selfishness 
Selfishness is the cause of suffering 
Being reborn is seen as selfish, try to break this cycle. 
Craving for things 
Tanha - attachment 
- The Third noble truth 
Greed and suffering can be stopped 
When you no longer want anything and can see beyond yourself 
End dukkah 
Freedom is nirvana 
What you are is not longer important
  • The fourth noble truth
    To end suffering is follow the eight noble path
    “Middle way”
    Showing people how to live to reach Nirvana
25
Q

The eightfold path

A

Eight ways in which people should live

  • Right viewpoint: accepting all life is unsatisfactory
  • Right thought: unselfish and caring about others
  • Right speech: kind and helpful when you talk to yourself or others
  • Right action: avoid killing, stealing, being dishonest, faithful to husband or wife, no drugs, alcohol
  • Right living: job you do has to be useful, not harmful to others
  • Right effort: avoid bad things and work hard to be good
  • Right awareness: controlling your mind so that you can see things in the right way
  • Right concentration: training mind to concentrate without wondering - meditation equals calm and peaceful
26
Q

Key terms in Buddhism

A
  • Tahna: desire root cause of suffering in the second fourth noble truth
  • Kama: action-reaction, actions have consequences, even our previous lives actions can have consequences for a present life, carried through, good or bad.
  • Samsara: may extend into their next life bringing, cycle of suffering - rebirth, birth, growth, decay and death
27
Q

Nirvana and Enlightenment

A

Only from experiences, nirvana is the ultimate goal.

28
Q

Beliefs in Islam

A
  • They believe in Allah as the only God can also be referred to as the compassionate one, the Merciful, the holy one, the Mighty one
  • Angels or other spirits called jinn can be good or evil, helpful to humanity or a hindrance, Jinn in their evil form can be depicted as the army of Ibis or Satan.
    spiritual beings whom Allah uses as his messengers for important communication with humans,
  • God sent prophets to humans
  • Day of Judgment, when Allah will bring the world to its end and will judge the good and the evil after they have resurrected from their graves
    believe everything has been preordained by Allah, he will decide whether they will be saved or will suffer in hell.
  • Five Pillars of Islam, 1 The recital of the creed declaration in faith (shahadah), 2 Prayer (salat), 3 The payment of alks / giving charity everything belongs to allah (zakat), 4 The fasting of Ramadan (sawm), 5 Pilgrimage to Mecca (hijj)
  • All must strive to have the same experience that Muhammad had.
29
Q

Scared stories / Spaces, places, times + artifacts in Islam

A

Scared stories
Myths
Legends
Parables

Spaces, places, times + artifacts
Islamic Abraham is the father of Ishmael who is the father of the Arab people who together built the Ka’aba a shrine in mecca

30
Q

Islamic texts

A
  • Quran: 114 surahs in length order (shortest to longest), God’s teachings to Muhammad (PHBUH)
  • Hadith: words of Muhammed, written A.D verified/ trustworthy, students of Muhammad
  • Sunnah: Practices of Muhammad, observed by people around him, not a law, emulate their leader
31
Q

Key cities in Islam

A

The four holiest sites in Islam are Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem and Damascus. The two holiest sites of Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia are directly mentioned or referred to in the Quran.

32
Q

Central belief of islam

A

Belief in monotheism is the cornerstone of the Islamic faith. Muslims believe that all the Prophets sent by God to humanity shared the same central message, and that was the message of monotheism. Monotheism is a term used to refer to the belief in the existence of only one deity (God).

33
Q

Six articles of faith

A
  • Belief in the prophets, Adam, Isbrahiam, Musa, Muhammad truest prophet of god
  • Belief in Allah as the one and only God, no other God, the one, nothing other than Allah, he doesn’t need us but muslims need him. One, Unity, Eternal, Creator and Sustainer, Incorporeal, Nothing can be compared to him (not idols, images of him), All powerful, Sovereign. Traits Law giver, just, forgiving, merciful, All Knowing; All Seeing; All hearing, Direct communication, Shahadah “there is no God but God and muhammad is his messenger.
  • Belief in angels
  • Belief in holy books, Quran (Muhammad), Zabur (Psalms of David), Taurat (Torah of Moses)
  • Belief in the day of judgement, a number of opinion, judgement, punished, reward, forgiven, those who die for a just cause in the muslim faith
  • Belief in Qadr - predestination, Everything happens within Allah’s plan, he has the knowledge of what will happen, nothing happens unless he wills it, Belief does not preclude free choices, if one chooses to do good or bad, it can only happen with God’s will.

Religion (3 decks)

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