Religion James 1603-25

Question 1

Why were Catholics not trusted?

Answer 1

Distrust after the war with the Spanish which broke out in 1580s.

Question 2

How many Catholics were executed and between which years pre-James?

Answer 2

146 Catholics executed between 1586-1603.

Question 3

Why did recusancy fines increase?

Answer 3

Increased recusancy fines as Catholics involved with plots with Mary.

Question 4

How did James, at first, treat Catholics?

Answer 4

James at first was moderate, not persecuting any who were quiet and reducing recusancy fines to 1/4 what they were.

Question 5

What happened to Catholics in 1604?

Answer 5

1604 all Priests and Jesuits ordered out of kingdom and November, recusancy reissued.

Question 6

What did Parliament demand execution of against Catholics, and why did James act on this ?

Answer 6

Parliament wanted ‘due execution of statutes,’ against any ‘manner of recusants,’ and James was desperate for union.

Question 7

What did Arminians dislike about Calvinism?

Answer 7

Disliked Calvinist Church organisation.

Question 8

What religion did James follow?

Answer 8

James was Calvinist, following preaching of John Calvin who set up strict Church in Geneva.

Question 9

What did Arminians believe in?

Answer 9

Arminians, led by Dutch theologian Jacob Arminius, believed in free will and ceremonial services/sacraments.

Believed in predestination and preaching.

Saw Catholic Church as true church but did not accept papal authority.

Question 10

Who did Arminians support, and who did this anger?

Answer 10

In 1620s when James was involved in the negotiations with Spain, protests against Catholics mounted. Arminians upheld royal authority. James promoted Arminians, making the Commons suspicious.

Question 11

Who debated at the Hampton Court Conference?

Answer 11

Disputation between 5 Puritans and 9 bishops led by Charles.

Question 12

What bible was agreed on at the HCC?

Answer 12

Agreement on the Authorised or King James Bible, 1611, which would be read for 300 years.

Question 13

At the HCC why did avoiding extremism fail?

Answer 13

Puritans failed on most demands; requesting removal of bishops would be radical but James saw wanting no surplice as trivial.

Question 14

Why did James fear undue pressure at the HCC, and what did he shout?

Answer 14

Bishops failed with campaigning and gaining a following, so a petitioning campaign was developed. James didn’t want undue pressure and feared a Presbyterian Church..
He would be subject to the same discipline as any other member. “no bishops, no Church!”

Question 15

What were results of the HCC for Puritans?

Answer 15

No issues by Puritans mentioned.
Puritans and Catholics agreed on the problems with dissolution of monasteries in late 16th century. Put church in lay hands with tithes, 1/10 of income taxed to ministers, held from parishes. Church in poverty. In 1610, James appointed Puritan Archbishop of Canterbury, George Abbot. Fewer popish ceremonies and more preaching, less Puritans denied livings.

Question 16

What did Puritans issue in 1603?

Answer 16

Had 1603 Millenary Petition signed by 1000 to James, wanting to cleanse CofE of popish practise.

Question 17

What issues did Puritans raise in January 1604 at the HCC?

Answer 17

At Hampton Court, Jan 1604, bishops and Puritans had much to discuss:
Inadequate pastoral care.
Pluralism occurred due to low stipends, wages, so clergymen had to hold more than one living, the post of a parish priest.

Question 18

Why was James suspicious of Puritans?

Answer 18

James disliked Presbyterianism and wanted ordered Church.

Question 19

What did James want in Scotland for religion, and what did he do? What was the result?

Answer 19

Wanted conformity and removed nobles from Kirk alliance.
Introduced bishops in 1618.
Liturgical reforms such as the Articles of Perth were very unpopular, enforced through General Assembly, including kneeling at Communion. Catholic interpretation.
Articles not strictly enforced and in 1619 a new prayer book was NOT introduced.

Question 20

Who was the main plotter in the Gunpowder Plot? (Nov 1605)

Answer 20

Robert Catesby(1572-1605), a recusant family member involved in the Essex rebellion against Elizabeth, 1601, was one of the key plotters.

Question 21

How was the GP Plot found out?

Answer 21

Plan found out when a letter was sent to a relative.

Question 22

What were the causes of the Gunpowder Plot?

Answer 22

After the war with Spain ended in 1604, there were no hopes of foreign intervention
Plotters came from gentry families most affected by recusancy fines.

Question 23

What was the plan for the Gunpowder Plot?

Answer 23

A tunnel was to be dug under the Houses of Parliament to kill the King and MPs with one stroke.

Question 24

What were results of the Gunpowder Plot for Catholics?

Answer 24

Results:
Penal laws issued to hold public office.
Venetian ambassador claimed James was ‘in terror,’ eating his meals in private and living in innermost rooms with ‘only Scotsmen.’
Oath of allegiance to deny pope’s authority to depose kings.
Catholics could not live in or around London.

Question 25

What was the Irish Church structure?

Answer 25

There was the Catholic majority, the Church of Ireland mostly Calvinist in belief, and a minority of Presbyterians.

Question 26

What happened in 1607 to increase religious tensions in Ireland?

Answer 26

1607 - 2 Earls of Ulster fled into exile after failed rebellion, and Calvinist Scots and English settlers stole their land, plantation.