Religion, Humanism, And Art

Question 1

Define erastian kingship

Answer 1

The theory that king should be head of the church

Question 2

Define AC

Answer 2

Those who thought the CC was sinning and not as religious as it could be

Question 3

Name the 7 sacraments

Answer 3

1) baptism
2) confirmation
3) marriage
4) anointing the sick
5) penance
6) holy orders
7) the Eucharist

Question 4

Define confraternities

Answer 4

People who congregated to say prayers for the dead

Question 5

Define simony

Answer 5

The purchasing of a clerical office

Question 6

Define pluralism

Answer 6

Holding more than 1 clerical office at one time

Question 7

Define non-residence

Answer 7

AKA. ABSENTEEISM

Bishops who did not reside in their diocese but still collected tax

Question 8

Define nepotism in the context of the church

Answer 8

Donating a clerical post to one’s family

Question 9

Why was sexual misconduct a form of clerical abuse?

Answer 9

Ignored vow of celibacy

Question 10

Define indulgences

Answer 10

When you had sinned, were going to die, and needed a priest to pray for your transcendence from the pits of purgatory to the pearly gates of Heaven

Question 11

Name a criticism of indulgences, and the Biblical passage it contravenes?

Answer 11

Needed money- poor can’t do that- elitist.

Contravenes Mark 10:25

Question 12

Mark 10:25

Answer 12

“Harder for a camel to go through the eye of a needle…”

Question 13

Define papal primacy

Answer 13

Pope= head of CoE

Opposite of erastian kingship

Question 14

Define papal infallibility

Answer 14

Pope is right about everything- can never be wrong!

Question 15

Define vulgate

Answer 15

The Latin version of the bible

Question 16

What is the only way to achieve salvation?

Answer 16

By following as many of the other 7 sacraments as possible

Question 17

Define Mass

Answer 17

Central act of worship
Took place every Sunday
Was said in Latin by the priest

Question 18

Define Eucharist

Answer 18

A ceremony performed by the priest in which the congregation believe they are witnessing the re-enactment of Christ’s sacrifice in a process called transubstantiation

Question 19

Define transubstantiation

Answer 19

Where the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ

Question 20

Why is the priest the central figure in the Eucharist?

Answer 20

When he held the consecrated bread above his head the faithful believed they were gazing upon Christ’s return to Earth

Question 21

What was considered the most important Sacrament?

Answer 21

Eucharist

Question 22

Define penance

Answer 22

The process of repenting for one’s sins

Question 23

Name 4 ways in which penance is achieved

Answer 23

1) prayer
2) confession
3) good works
4) fasting

Question 24

Name 3 things people did to shorten their stay in purgatory

Answer 24

1) performed penance while on Earth
2) payed for indulgences/ masses for the dead to be said in their name
3) many confraternities formed to say prayers for the dead

Question 25

Why were priests called intercessors?

Answer 25

They interceded on behalf of the person to a deity/ saint through prayer

Question 26

What cult did many communities form to protect against misfortune?

Answer 26

Cult of saints

Question 27

What was endemic to this period (in terms of St.s)

Answer 27

Hagiography

Question 28

Name 2 examples of Holy Shrines to which people visited on pilgrimage?

Answer 28

1) Our Lady Walsingham, Norfolk | 2) Shrine of St Thomas Beckett, Canterbury

Question 29

What % of parish churches in SUFFOLK does E.Duffy estimate were built using monetary donations?

Answer 29

C. 50%

Question 30

How many confraternities were there alone in LONDON in 15thC?

Answer 30

176

Question 31

Define chantries

Answer 31

An endowment for a priest to celebrate masses for the founders’ soul, this would help said founder bypass purgatory

Question 32

What festivals did confraternities help organise?

Answer 32

Church ale festivals

Question 33

Name one example of a church ale festival

Answer 33

One was held at Bishop Stafford in 1490

Question 34

Function of church ale festivals

Answer 34

- provided communities a reprieve from the mundane (confraternities often paid for the cost of the ale)- SOCIAL FUNCTION - many parishes in the South and South Mids raised funds for charities- COMMUNAL & ALTRUISTIC FUNCTION

Question 35

What was the going rate for indulgences?

Answer 35

3 pounds Equivalent to 2 grand in modern currency!!! 100 days worth of pay for a skilled tradesman

Question 36

Name 2 reasons why Martin Luther attacked the commercialisation of indulgences

Answer 36

1) the UCs could live a life of sin w/o consequences 2) all needed to have observed as many sacraments as possible to achieve salvation, but in order to celebrate one of these (penance in form of indulgences) lay people were charged!

Question 37

With regard to criticism against Church, what did C.Haigh argue?

Answer 37

- specific outbursts of AC= rare and usually pol motivated

Question 38

What does C.Haigh argue shows that priests retained the support of the laity?

Answer 38

- the continued number of candidates for priesthood: shows that there is demand

Question 39

What was John Colet’s one surviving sermon called, which heavily criticised the standard of the clergy, and in what year was it written?

Answer 39

“Convocation Sermon”, 1512

Question 40

In John Colet’s “Convocation Sermon”, 1512, he claimed that priests were “drown(ing)...”

Answer 40

“In the delights of this world”- primarily lust

Question 41

For which FP event did the CC raise money?

Answer 41

The Brittany Crisis

Question 42

Example of the papacy living an unholy life

Answer 42

Pope Alexander 5 (1492-1506) Ostentatious with his extreme wealth and sired many bastards

Question 43

Example of absenteeism

Answer 43

Worcester: | - had 4 non-resident Italian bishops (1497-1535) in SUCCESSION who had never lived there

Question 44

What was the Bishop of Winchester’s annual income? (Example of great wealth within the clergy)

Answer 44

4K p/a- equivalent to 2M pounds in modern currency, and was roughly similar to that of the Percys EoNorthumberlands.

Question 45

What did Chaucer famously describe a monk as?

Answer 45

“Lord Full Fat”

Question 46

Locations in which there is evidence that Lollard communities existed

Answer 46

South Buckinghamshire Newbury Concentrated in S England

Question 47

When was the failed Lollard uprising?

Answer 47

1414

Question 48

When did Desiderius Erasmus first visit England?

Answer 48

1499

Question 49

Who was besties with Desiderius Erasmus?

Answer 49

Sir Thomas More

Question 50

Name 2 new humanist educators

Answer 50

1) Thomas Linacre | 2) John Colet

Question 51

Who brought “New Learning” from Greece to Oxford?

Answer 51

Thomas Linacre

Question 52

Who did H7 choose as PA’s (his heir) tutor?

Answer 52

Thomas Linacre

Question 53

Which school did John Colet found?

Answer 53

St Pauls School

Question 54

What book was based on the lives of the saints?

Answer 54

“The Golden Legend”

Question 55

How many printed editions did ‘The Golden Legend’ run through between 1485 and 1527?

Answer 55

7!! Extremely popular

Question 56

To which shrine did H7 send his standard after the BoStoke?

Answer 56

Our Lady Walsingham

Question 57

Name 2 dedicated monastic groups

Answer 57

1) the Franciscans | 2) the Carthusians

Question 58

Why did the Franciscans flourish after 1481?

Answer 58

They received royal patronage from Henry VII