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Henry VII A* Masterclass > Religion, Humanism, And Art > Flashcards

Religion, Humanism, And Art Flashcards

1
Q

Define erastian kingship

A

The theory that king should be head of the church

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2
Q

Define AC

A

Those who thought the CC was sinning and not as religious as it could be

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3
Q

Name the 7 sacraments

A

1) baptism
2) confirmation
3) marriage
4) anointing the sick
5) penance
6) holy orders
7) the Eucharist

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4
Q

Define confraternities

A

People who congregated to say prayers for the dead

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5
Q

Define simony

A

The purchasing of a clerical office

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6
Q

Define pluralism

A

Holding more than 1 clerical office at one time

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7
Q

Define non-residence

A

AKA. ABSENTEEISM

Bishops who did not reside in their diocese but still collected tax

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8
Q

Define nepotism in the context of the church

A

Donating a clerical post to one’s family

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9
Q

Why was sexual misconduct a form of clerical abuse?

A

Ignored vow of celibacy

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10
Q

Define indulgences

A

When you had sinned, were going to die, and needed a priest to pray for your transcendence from the pits of purgatory to the pearly gates of Heaven

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11
Q

Name a criticism of indulgences, and the Biblical passage it contravenes?

A

Needed money- poor can’t do that- elitist.

Contravenes Mark 10:25

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12
Q

Mark 10:25

A

“Harder for a camel to go through the eye of a needle…”

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13
Q

Define papal primacy

A

Pope= head of CoE

Opposite of erastian kingship

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14
Q

Define papal infallibility

A

Pope is right about everything- can never be wrong!

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15
Q

Define vulgate

A

The Latin version of the bible

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16
Q

What is the only way to achieve salvation?

A

By following as many of the other 7 sacraments as possible

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17
Q

Define Mass

A

Central act of worship
Took place every Sunday
Was said in Latin by the priest

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18
Q

Define Eucharist

A

A ceremony performed by the priest in which the congregation believe they are witnessing the re-enactment of Christ’s sacrifice in a process called transubstantiation

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19
Q

Define transubstantiation

A

Where the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ

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20
Q

Why is the priest the central figure in the Eucharist?

A

When he held the consecrated bread above his head the faithful believed they were gazing upon Christ’s return to Earth

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21
Q

What was considered the most important Sacrament?

A

Eucharist

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22
Q

Define penance

A

The process of repenting for one’s sins

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23
Q

Name 4 ways in which penance is achieved

A

1) prayer
2) confession
3) good works
4) fasting

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24
Q

Name 3 things people did to shorten their stay in purgatory

A

1) performed penance while on Earth
2) payed for indulgences/ masses for the dead to be said in their name
3) many confraternities formed to say prayers for the dead

25
Q

Why were priests called intercessors?

A

They interceded on behalf of the person to a deity/ saint through prayer

26
Q

What cult did many communities form to protect against misfortune?

A

Cult of saints

27
Q

What was endemic to this period (in terms of St.s)

A

Hagiography

28
Q

Name 2 examples of Holy Shrines to which people visited on pilgrimage?

A

1) Our Lady Walsingham, Norfolk

2) Shrine of St Thomas Beckett, Canterbury

29
Q

What % of parish churches in SUFFOLK does E.Duffy estimate were built using monetary donations?

A

C. 50%

30
Q

How many confraternities were there alone in LONDON in 15thC?

A

176

31
Q

Define chantries

A

An endowment for a priest to celebrate masses for the founders’ soul, this would help said founder bypass purgatory

32
Q

What festivals did confraternities help organise?

A

Church ale festivals

33
Q

Name one example of a church ale festival

A

One was held at Bishop Stafford in 1490

34
Q

Function of church ale festivals

A
  • provided communities a reprieve from the mundane (confraternities often paid for the cost of the ale)- SOCIAL FUNCTION
  • many parishes in the South and South Mids raised funds for charities- COMMUNAL & ALTRUISTIC FUNCTION
35
Q

What was the going rate for indulgences?

A

3 pounds

Equivalent to 2 grand in modern currency!!! 100 days worth of pay for a skilled tradesman

36
Q

Name 2 reasons why Martin Luther attacked the commercialisation of indulgences

A

1) the UCs could live a life of sin w/o consequences
2) all needed to have observed as many sacraments as possible to achieve salvation, but in order to celebrate one of these (penance in form of indulgences) lay people were charged!

37
Q

With regard to criticism against Church, what did C.Haigh argue?

A
  • specific outbursts of AC= rare and usually pol motivated
38
Q

What does C.Haigh argue shows that priests retained the support of the laity?

A
  • the continued number of candidates for priesthood: shows that there is demand
39
Q

What was John Colet’s one surviving sermon called, which heavily criticised the standard of the clergy, and in what year was it written?

A

“Convocation Sermon”, 1512

40
Q

In John Colet’s “Convocation Sermon”, 1512, he claimed that priests were “drown(ing)…”

A

“In the delights of this world”- primarily lust

41
Q

For which FP event did the CC raise money?

A

The Brittany Crisis

42
Q

Example of the papacy living an unholy life

A

Pope Alexander 5 (1492-1506)

Ostentatious with his extreme wealth and sired many bastards

43
Q

Example of absenteeism

A

Worcester:

- had 4 non-resident Italian bishops (1497-1535) in SUCCESSION who had never lived there

44
Q

What was the Bishop of Winchester’s annual income? (Example of great wealth within the clergy)

A

4K p/a- equivalent to 2M pounds in modern currency, and was roughly similar to that of the Percys EoNorthumberlands.

45
Q

What did Chaucer famously describe a monk as?

A

“Lord Full Fat”

46
Q

Locations in which there is evidence that Lollard communities existed

A

South Buckinghamshire
Newbury

Concentrated in S England

47
Q

When was the failed Lollard uprising?

A

1414

48
Q

When did Desiderius Erasmus first visit England?

A

1499

49
Q

Who was besties with Desiderius Erasmus?

A

Sir Thomas More

50
Q

Name 2 new humanist educators

A

1) Thomas Linacre

2) John Colet

51
Q

Who brought “New Learning” from Greece to Oxford?

A

Thomas Linacre

52
Q

Who did H7 choose as PA’s (his heir) tutor?

A

Thomas Linacre

53
Q

Which school did John Colet found?

A

St Pauls School

54
Q

What book was based on the lives of the saints?

A

“The Golden Legend”

55
Q

How many printed editions did ‘The Golden Legend’ run through between 1485 and 1527?

A

7!! Extremely popular

56
Q

To which shrine did H7 send his standard after the BoStoke?

A

Our Lady Walsingham

57
Q

Name 2 dedicated monastic groups

A

1) the Franciscans

2) the Carthusians

58
Q

Why did the Franciscans flourish after 1481?

A

They received royal patronage from Henry VII

Henry VII A* Masterclass (3 decks)

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