religion final exam - morality

Question 1

abortion

Answer 1

the deliberate termination of a pregnancy by killing the unborn child. It is a grave sin and a crime against human life

Question 2

absolution

Answer 2

an essential part of penance, in which the priest pardons the sins of the person confessing, in the name of God and the Church

Question 3

covenant

Answer 3

a solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human in which mutual commitments are made

Question 4

culpability

Answer 4

to be guilty of wrongdoing

Question 5

conscience

Answer 5

the interior voice of a person, a God-given sense of the law of God. Moral conscience leads people to understand themselves as responsible for their action, and prompts them to do good and evil. To make good judgements, one needs to have a well formed conscience

Question 6

circumstance

Answer 6

the specific conditions or facts affecting a moral decision. Circumstances can increase or decrease the goodness or evil of an act

Question 7

cardinal virtues

Answer 7

based on the latin word for “pivot” 4 virtues that are seen as essential for Christian living; prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance

Question 8

contraception

Answer 8

the deliberate attempt to interfere with the creation of new life as a result of sexual intercourse. It is morally wrong because a married couple must remain open to procreation whenever they engage in sexual intercourse

Question 9

contrition

Answer 9

to have hatred for our sins and a commitment to not sin again

Question 10

venial sin

Answer 10

a less serious offense against the will of God that diminishes one’s personal character and weakens but does not rupture one’s relationship with God

Question 11

object

Answer 11

in moral decision making, the object is the specific thing - an act, word, or thought that is being chosen

Question 12

intention

Answer 12

the intended outcome or goal of the person choosing the object when making a moral decision

Question 13

vice

Answer 13

a practice of habit that leads a person to sin

Question 14

virtue

Answer 14

a habitual and firm disposition to do good

Question 15

soul

Answer 15

our spiritual principal, it is immortal, and it is what makes us most like God. Our soul is created by God, and he unites it with our physical body at the moment of conception. The soul is the seat of human consciousness and freedom.

Question 16

free will

Answer 16

the gift from God that allows humans to choose among various actions, for which we are held accountable. It is the basis for moral responsibility

Question 17

eternal law

Answer 17

the order in creation that reflects God’s will and purpose; it is eternal because it is always true and never changes. All other moral laws are based off of eternal law and reflect the truth of eternal law

Question 18

Natural Law

Answer 18

the moral law that can be understood through reason. It is our God-given ability to understand what it means to be in right relation ship with God, other people, the world, and ourselves. The basis for natural law is our participation in God’s wisdom and goodness because we are created in divine likness

Question 19

original sin

Answer 19

2 meanings

1) the sin of the first humans, who disobeyed God’s command by choosing to follow their own and so lost their original holiness and became subject to death
2) the fallen state of human nature that affects every person born into this world

Question 20

original holiness

Answer 20

the original state of human beings in their relationship with God, sharing in the divine life in full communion with him

Question 21

original justice

Answer 21

the state of original harmony of our first parents with themselves, each other, and all of creation

Question 22

theological virtues

Answer 22

the name for the God-given virtues of faith, hope, and love. These virtues enable us to know God as God and lead us to union with him and heart and mind

Question 23

grace

Answer 23

the free and undeserved gift of God’s loving and active presence in the universe and in our lives, empowering us to respond to his call and to live as his adopted sons and daughters. Grace restores our loving communion with the Holy Trinity, lost by sin

Question 24

euthanasia

Answer 24

a direct action, or a deliberate lack of action, that causes the death of a person who is handicapped, sick, or dying. It is a violation of the fifth commandment against killing

Question 25

in-vitro fertilization

Answer 25

the fertilization of a woman’s ovum with a man’s sperm outside her body. the fertilized egg is transferred to the woman’s uterus. the church considers the process to be a moral violation of the dignity of procreation

Question 26

fornication

Answer 26

sex between a man and woman who are not married. Morally wrong to engage in sex before marriage. a sin against the sixth commandment

Question 27

emotivism

Answer 27

deals with emotions and views. moral judgements are not statements of facts but expressions of feelings

Question 28

fortitude

Answer 28

cardinal virtue, known as courage or strength, the ability to uphold moral behavior in difficult situations

Question 29

hope

Answer 29

virtue, we trust in God and EXPECT eternal life and virtues

Question 30

effects of sin

Answer 30

sin separates us from God, others, and ourselves

Question 31

virtue ethics

Answer 31

Aristotle, goal: happiness. practicing virtues leads to happiness, practicing virtues leads to habits, then it is easier to overcome vices

Question 32

deontolgy

Answer 32

Kant, goal: reason, we are more unhappy because we can choose. end does NOT justify the means. act the way you want others to act

Question 33

utilitarianism

Answer 33

John Stewart Mill, goal: greater good. consequences justify the means, judge our actions on the end result