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Religion and Non Religion > Religion and Non-religion > Flashcards

Religion and Non-religion Flashcards

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1
Q

Religious Expression

A

the way that people show a belief in the powers or forces in the religious
dimension

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2
Q

Religious dimension

A

how humans have explored the forces or powers that could explain why the world is the way it is

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3
Q

Animism

A

the belief that all natural objects, including people, animals and the wider environment posses a soul and are animate. Since everything has a soul, all natural things should be treated with respect.

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4
Q

Polytheism

A

beleif in existence of many gods

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5
Q

monotheism

A

There is one omnipresent, omipotent and omniscient God

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6
Q

social cohesion

A

The way society works together and forms communities and that religion can help bring societies and communities together

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7
Q

Semitic religions

A

religions that originated in the middle east and typically believe in one God

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8
Q

social disharmony

A

creation of hostile tension when people spread their religious views

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9
Q

Social transformation

A

Religion serves as a social change > a large scale change in cultural reforms or transformation

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10
Q

Semitic religions:

A

Judaism, Islam, Christianit

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11
Q

Meaning and purpose

A

The reason why something is used or done with the intention of completing it. It can also be a feeling, or being determined to complete or achieve something with a goal in mind

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12
Q

Hellenism

A

ancient religious expression where adherents believed in an array of olympian gods and goddesses

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13
Q

New age

A

This is a term that covers a wide range of spiritual and practices that aim to foster individual fulfilment in the form of personal happiness, health and meaning. Can include things such as: tarot cards, yoga and astrology.

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14
Q

Animism

A

It is the doctrine that every natural thing in the universe has a soul. > Spirits not only exist in humans but also in animals, plants, rocks and geographic features

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15
Q

Deism

A

A form of monotheism that affirms the belief in the oneness of God, but rejects that God is an active figure in human history.

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16
Q

Polytheism

A

The belief that there is more than one god. Polytheistic religions include Hinduism, Sinto and various neopagan faiths.

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17
Q

Monotheism

A

It is the belief in one God. there is only one God that created the world and is all-powerful. Monotheistic religions include Christianity, Judaism and Islam.

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18
Q

Pantheism

A

Is a religious belief that includes the universe and the idea of God. People believe that God is all around, throughout the whole universe.&raquo_space; some aspects of Christianity show this idea.

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19
Q

Astrology

A

Is the belief that the positioning of the stars and planets affect the way events occur on earth.

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20
Q

Scientific progress

A
  • accumulation of true scientific belief

- increasing nearness of theories to the truth

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21
Q

Growth of ecological awareness

A
  • People becoming more aware of the damage of own lifestyle on the environment
  • Turn to new religions that offer active stewardship of the planet
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22
Q

Disenchantment with traditional Religion

A
  • Frustration with current religion due to
    - Lack of equality and gender or
    sexual diversity
    - Traditions and rituals out of touch
    with changing world
  • Many people change religion due to lack of connection with practices
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23
Q

Imminent

A

contained within, or remaining within the boundaries of a person, of the world, or of the mind

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24
Q

The religious response to Transcendence

A
  • Good manifests through trinity and earthly church

- Being is all knowing and seeing, provides an incentive to act morally well so that humans can reach the afterlife

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25
Q

Destiny

A

also known as fate. Is a predetermined course of events.

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26
Q

Ecumenism

A

is referred to the efforts by Christians to develop closer relationships and better understandings. It aims to restore unity amongst and within Christian denominations

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27
Q

Superstition

A

is any belief based on one’s trust in luck or supernatural forces, a belief in fate, magic or fear of that which is unknown. For example, don’t walk under that ladder, be careful with that mirror, the number 666.

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28
Q

Stewardship

A

is an ethic that embodies responsibility, planning and management of resources. It can be applied to nature, economics, health, cultural resources.

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29
Q

Mystical

A

the practice of religious ecstasies with ideologies, rites, myths, magic. Having the nature of an individual’s direct subjective communion with god.

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30
Q

Worldview on religion

A

are associated with different cultural aspects and may include belief in a deity or a form of spirituality. Influence on actions, behaviour and feelings of humans.

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31
Q

Worldview on non-religious

A

is the absence or rejection of religion. The non religious seek to limit the influence of religion on society.

32
Q

Social Cohesion

A

the willingness of members of a cotsy to cooperate with each other in order to survive.

33
Q

Age of enlightenment

A

Intellectual and Philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th-19th Centuries

34
Q

Humanism

A

THe belief in that human needs and are more important than religious beliefs, the belief that humans can create their own set of ethics

35
Q

Rationals Humanism

A

The focus on how people are more important than other considerations, a secular alternative to other mainstream beliefs, no evidence of God,

36
Q

Scientific Humanism

A

An intellectual movement focusing on justice, equality and peace. Rejects the notion of the supernatural being reliant on science and reason

37
Q

Transcendent

A

Beyond or above the normal or physical range of human experience.

38
Q

Utilitarianism

A

A Consequentalist form of ethical theory Asserts the notion that what is good is what brings the greatest happiness for the greatest number

39
Q

Cosmology

A

A theory or an account of the origin of the universe, the science of the origin of the development of the universe.

40
Q

Crystals:

A

Belief that crystals have a healing or energising power

41
Q

Feng shui:

A

Belief that the strategic placement of furniture and possessions can lead to greater harmony and wellbeing in life.

42
Q

Numerology:

A

Belief that certain numbers and number patterns hold the key to understanding human existence

43
Q

Secularism:

A

The belief that a religion should not interfere with or be integrated into the public affairs of a society

44
Q

Tarot cards:

A

Cards a fortune teller uses to reveal deaths, misfortunes, virtues and vices about a particular individual

45
Q

Transcendental Meditation:

A

Technique of meditation that is believed to enable a person to transcend their present existence to contact another plane of existence

46
Q

Yoga:

A

Used for exercise , meditation and relaxation. It is believed that it will lead to a more peaceful life

47
Q

The Purpose of religion for individual and community

A

Religions allows people to find direction, feel support, celebrate life, discover values and make sense of the world and develop community

48
Q

Personal Fulfillment

A

Is more than the achievement of life goals which are important to an individual. Yet religion can bring purpose and meaning beyond self. to be part of a greater whole, which in turn influences how the person acts. Each individual has a need to contribute to the world, contributing to their personal meaning.

49
Q

Ethical guideline

A

Are used by group and organisations to define what actions are morally right or wrong

50
Q

Materialism

A

A tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values

51
Q

Social Transformation

A

Religion is both conservative and radical- It can support the established order and also challenge it.

52
Q

Social Cohesion

A

Religion plays an important part in maintaining and reinforcing social structures and values. It can also lead to a form of social control by helping to maintain social injustices.

53
Q

What is the Buddhist world population.

A

Buddhists make up 6% of the world population - 488 million people

54
Q

What are the Buddhists top 4 locations

A
  1. China
  2. Thailand
  3. Japan
  4. Myanmar
55
Q

Who started Buddhism and why?:

A

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in 500BCE and It is a derivative of Hinduism - Essentially Hindu belief without a god or gods.

56
Q

Which religion make up 31% of the world population which is 2.2 billion people

A

Christianity

57
Q

Why did Mahayana Buddhism grow rapidly in the 5BCE

A

Buddhist missionaries spread the word of Buddha in 5BCE and is mainly in East Asia

58
Q

What is the percentage of Jewish belief worldwide:

A

Jewish people make up 0.22% of the world population - 14.9 million people

59
Q

What is Individualism

A

The idea of being independent, rather than relying on the control of large institutions such as the church

60
Q

What are the top 4 Jewish locations worldwide in order?

A
  1. USA
  2. Israel
  3. France
  4. Canada
61
Q

Which religious history begins with the covenant established between Abraham and God In 1812 BCE during the Bronze Age.

A

Jewish

62
Q

overall the 5 major religions make up what percentage of the worlds population

A

75%

63
Q

Christianity’s top 4 world wide locations include

A
  1. USA
  2. Brazil
  3. Mexico
  4. China

The largest continental Christian population is South America

64
Q

Describe 3 major facts of Jewish population and And distribution and repatriation since 1945.

A
  • The atrocities committed in the Holocaust caused a significant reduction in the Jewish population
  • Fear of persecution caused migration to the USA
  • In 1948, the UN-sponsored the restoration of the Jewish state of Israel in Palestine leading to a large influx in Jewish people to the region
65
Q

Muslims make up what percentage of the world population.

A

23% of the world population which is 1.6 billion people

66
Q

What is the world’s Islamic population

A

23% of world’s population, 1.6 billion people

67
Q

Islamic population by country

A
  1. Indonesia,
  2. Pakistan
  3. India
  4. Bangladesh
68
Q

Describe the Origin of Islam

A

Islam was spread by Prophet Muhammad in 622 CE in Medina. Further spread by the 4 rightly guided caliphs

69
Q

what changes influenced Post 1945 Islamic distribution

A

After WWII, many muslims were resettled to countries like the UK and USA. distribution of the muslim population throughout the world continues to be impacted mainly by immigration.

70
Q

What religion represents 15% of population, 900 million people

A

Hinduism:

71
Q

What is the world distribution of Hinduism in order

A
  1. India
  2. Nepal
  3. Bangladesh
  4. Sri Lanka
72
Q

Which of the world religions is not a self propagating religion

A

Hinduism

73
Q

What is the following a definition of:
an obsession with having possessions. It is the idea that people find fulfilment and meaning through material objects over intellectual or religious practices.

A

Materialism

74
Q

What would be described as “Disenchantment with traditional belief systems”.

A

People are turning away from traditional religions to discover new ways to satisfy their needs and to find answers to the big picture questions of their world.

75
Q

Describe 4 reasons for the push for people to discover new religions?

A
  1. Easy and Simple ways for people to become happier, without making major commitments to a traditional religion.
  2. Can be more appealing.
  3. Not personalised enough for their own needs
  4. People can feel easily disconnected
76
Q

Give some examples of New Age Religions

A
  1. NRE provide physical and mental healing,
  2. Acupuncture and
  3. Meditation,
  4. Yoga
  5. Tarot cards
77
Q

Describe 4 ways that religious ethics can sometimes be problematic?

A
  1. Traditional views don’t allow for ethical independence and initiative.
  2. The growing opinion of moral relativism is the idea that there is not one true set of morals (“You have your way, I have my way. As for the right way, it does not exist”).
  3. Religion can sometimes lack clarity.
  4. Religious ethics can’t keep up with modern problems. Examples - homosexuality (some beliefs say that it’s unethical, some don’t associate with this belief). Cloning (religious guidelines vague with modern concerns).

Religion and Non Religion (1 decks)

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