Religion And Morality Flashcards
1
Q
Why do some people drink ?
A
Pain relief, fun, confidence and social pressure
2
Q
Why do some people smoke ?
A
Stress relief, addiction, social pressure
3
Q
Dangers of alcohol
A
Liver problems, cancer, infertility and death
4
Q
Dangers of smoking
A
Lung cancer, infertility, death
5
Q
What is a social drug ?
A
Legal drugs which are seen as socially acceptable but are still addictive
6
Q
How much money in 2007 was generated (taxes) by tobacco and alcohol ?
A
Approx £16 billion
7
Q
Islam view of smoking
A
Discouraged as don’t want to harm the body Allah gave them, however is intoxicating so is ‘haram’
Not allowed during Ramadan
Not allowed in public as is anti-social
8
Q
what is a drug ?
A
a substance that alters or affects the body or mind
9
Q
name the four main types of drugs
examples?
A
social - coffee, alcohol
prescribed/over counter - Valium, pain killers
illegal - cannabis, cocaine
performance enhancing - steroids
10
Q
Buddhists view of drinking
A
tend not to drink as fifth precept states you should avoid mind altering substances
clouds the mind - affects understanding
bad karma
11
Q
Christian view of drinking
A
- a number believe drinking in moderation is acceptable as Jesus drank wine and that it helps digestion
- however getting drunk is seen as ‘foolish’
- some Christians (Methodists) are traditionally teetotal
12
Q
Islam view of drinking
A
drinking alcohol is haram because it makes the mind unfit to concentrate on Allah
13
Q
Buddhists view on smoking
A
not forbidden as it does not alter the mind significantly
(some may argue that the addiction to nicotine causes cravings and alters the mind)
bad karma
14
Q
Christian view on smoking
A
may disagree as ‘your body is a temple of the holy spirit’ therefore should not be harmed however it is up to individual choice
15
Q
Other main views on smoking / alcohol
A
addiction causes wasteful spending pattern
both cause cancer
16
Q
Islam view on illegal drugs
A
‘not with your own hands should you contribute to your own destruction’
abide civil law
17
Q
Buddhist view on illegal drugs
A
alters the mind significantly therefore forbidden (fifth precept)
abide civil law
18
Q
Christian view on illegal drugs
A
most don't as they abide the civil law however some (Rastafarians/Ethiopian Coptic Church/Hindu mystics) believe that they can facilitate a religious or mystical experience
19
Q
Religious views on medically prescribed drugs
A
most consider them acceptable (God has given us intelligence) and that they show compassion (karuna - Buddhism) however some (Christian scientists) believe that nature should take its course and God will heal those if that is his will
20
Q
Buddhist views on helping addicts
A
sees it as the ‘right action’ from the Eight fold path
shows metta and karuna
builds good karma
21
Q
karuna is
A
compassion
22
Q
metta is
A
loving kindness
23
Q
dukkha is
A
suffering
24
Q
Christian views on helping addicts
A
follow the teaching ‘not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick’, which encourages them to help
25
Muslim views on helping addicts
whilst drug taking is condemned, followers are expected to help Muslims who succumb to the temptation of drugs
26
Hindu views on helping addicts
believe it is dharma (duty) and ahisma (no harming) to build good karma however there is a belief that addition comes from previous bad karma
27
2 examples of Class A
cocaine and heroin
28
2 examples of Class B
cannabis and speed
29
2 examples of Class C
tranquillisers and steroids
30
what are soft drugs ?
drugs that are not considered very harmful
31
how long can you be in prison for class A ?
7 years possession
| life imprisonment for supply
32
how long can you be in prison for class B ?
5 year possession
| 14 years supply
33
how long can you be in prison for class C ?
up to 2 years possession
| up to 14 years supply
34
why do people take illegal drugs ?
consider the 'high' worth the health / legal risks
may feel peer pressured to become accepted by a social group
some argue they should have the right to self-determination and personal choice
35
problems with illegal drugs
harmful to user (usually)
affects others in society (family) and boosts crime as they are unaware of actions and crime for some funds their drug habits
funds corrupt criminal activity
36
pros of cannabis
use has increased drastically
conflicting views on whether its harmful
evidently much less harmful than tobacco and alcohol
could become controlled if became legal
37
cons of cannabis
strains like skunk has been increasing in strength, which increase the chance of long term effects like a psychotic illness or addiction
some argue it is a gateway drug
38
cold turkey
process of trying to beat addiction by just stopping taking drugs
39
methadone
a drug used to help addicts beat addiction to heroin
40
Christian quote against getting drunk
'do not get drunk with wine, which will only ruin you'
41
Christian quote for moderate drinking is acceptable
'but take a little wine to help your digestion'
42
Islam quote 1 against alcohol
'their harm is far greater than their benefit'
43
Islam quote 2 against alcohol
'wine ... are abominations devised by Satan. Avoid them, so you may prosper'
44
what is the fifth of the five precepts ?
I undertake the training rule to abstain from fermented drink that causes heedlessness
45
what is artificial insemination
sperm is medically inserted into vagina to assist pregnancy
46
what is AID
when a woman is made pregnant by the sperm of a man other than her partner (but not sex)
47
what is AIH
when a woman is made pregnant by the sperm of her husband (but not sex)
48
what is embryology ?
study of human embryos
49
what is ensoulment ?
belief that at one moment the fetus receives a soul
50
what is in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
scientific method of making a woman pregnant without sex
| conception occurs in a test tube
51
what is the success rate of IVF ?
28%
52
Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christian views of IVF
Disagree as they believe that an embryo is already a life, so those destroyed would be seen 'killing' and goes against the sanctity of life
They also believe that procreation should be natural and that if a couple are childless, then that is God's will
53
what is sanctity of life ?
life is sacred and a gift from God
54
Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christian views on embryology
Are also against this as an embryo is already a life, therefore experimenting on them is cruel (and destroying them)
55
Protestant Christian views on IVF
Would argue that God wants us to have children and has given us the intelligence to develop these technologies
They consider embryos not developed enough to count as a life and that life begins at viability
56
Muslim views on IVF
Would argue that God wants us to have children and has given us the intelligence to develop these technologies
They consider embryos not developed enough to count as a life, and that it begins at ensoulment (120 days)
57
Muslim views of embryology
agree if left-over embryos from IVF are used rather than creating embryos for the purpose of eventually destroying them
58
Buddhism views on IVF/embryology
have no religious pressure to have children and do not believe in 'souls'
think it should be up to individual choice to decide on matters of fertility treatment
think those who work in the destruction of embryos (who they believe are living but without perception or consciousness) would have to accept they are creating bad karma
59
what are the laws on surrogacy ?
one parent must be biological
conception must be artificial
no unreasonable expenses
parents can only sign for legal rights 6 weeks after, until then the surrogate mother can decide whether she wants to keep the child
60
Muslim and Christian views on AID
against this as it involves a third person which is a form of adultery
61
Religious views on blood transfusions
Most see it as a good and charitable act
Jehovah's Witness don't agree because they believe the life of a person is in their blood (which they get from the book of Leviticus in the Bible) but they do allow bloodless organ transplants
In Islam it is haram to sell body parts so blood and organs must be donated
62
Religious views on genetic engineering
some would argue that these technologies help prevent suffering, however others might say it is 'playing God'
Buddhists believe it is wrong to tamper with nature in this way
63
Give some examples of genetic engineering
designer babies
reproductive cloning
therapeutic cloning (body parts to find cures)
human-animal hybrid embryos (find cures)
64
Christian quote for organ donation
'help others out of love for Christ, through donation of organs and tissues'
65
Roman Catholic quote against IVF/embryology
'test tube babies are real babies not simple embryos to be manipulated, frozen or left to die'
66
Islam quote on sanctity of life
'you shall not kill any person - for God has made life sacred'
67
Islam quote on surrogacy
'no one can be their mother except those who gave them birth'
68
Islam quote relating to organ / blood donations
'if anyone has saved a life, it is as if they have saved the life of mankind'
69
what is community service
unpaid work that an offender performs for the benefit of society
70
what is corruption
dishonesty or misuse of authority that usually leads to accumulation of weath
71
what is crime against person
wrongdoing that directly harms a person e.g. murder, assult
72
what is crime against state
an offence aimed at damaging the government / country e.g. treason
73
what is crime against property
damaging items that belong to somebody else e.g. vandalism
74
what is deterrence
aim of punishment to put people off committing crimes
75
what is early release
when a prisoner is allowed out of prison even though they have not completed their sentence, or fulfilled criteria of getting parole
76
what is electronic tagging
where an offender has to wear a device which tracks their movement to ensure restrictions of movement are observed
77
what is parole
prisoner release early however must be monitored to try and ensure they do not re-offend
78
what is prison reform
movement that tries to ensure offenders are treated humanely in prison
79
what is probation
alternative to prison where an offender has to meet regularly with an officer to ensure they don't re-offender
80
what is protection
aim of punishment to keep public from being harmed / threatened by criminals
81
what is reform
aim of punishment to change someone's behaviour for the better
82
what is rehabilitation
process where addicts are helped to defeat their addiction
83
what is religious offence
offence against religion e.g. blasphemy
84
what is reparation
aim of punishment to help an offender put something back in society
85
what is repentance
being truly sorry and trying to change one's behaviour to not do the same thing again
or asking for God's forgiveness
86
what is retribution
aim of punishment to get your own back: 'eye for an eye'
87
what is vindication
aim of punishment to show that the law must be respected
88
what is indictable crime
serious crimes : murder, rape, robbery
89
what is non-indictable crime
less serious crimes : speeding, cycling without lights
90
social reasons for why people commit crimes
boredom, gives them feeling of importance, person cannot get job as is poorly educated, bad parents, to fuel drug/drink/gambling addiction
91
environmental reasons for why people commit crimes
high unemployment, living in poor housing areas, rivalry between gangs
92
psychological reason for why people commit crimes
people are naturally greedy and selfish
93
advantages of prison
provides protection
deters people
gives offenders time to reflect
94
disadvantages of prison
expensive (£35,000 a year each)
majority re-offend - bad system ?
'schools for crime' with lots of criminals associating
families suffer (children)
many are overcrowded
difficult to get job after - leads back to crime
95
Buddhist's view of punishment
- importance is in protecting society
- not in favour of retributions as goes against metta and karuna
- believe in reparation as fixes bad karma and benefits others
96
Christian's view of punishment
- believe reformation is important and to forgive ('turn the other cheek')
- also believe strongly in deterrence to remove cause of crime
- against retribution despite 'eye for an eye' in the Bible
97
Muslim views of punishment
- mainly believe in deterrence and vindication, which in some Muslim countries is shown by public punishments (beatings and some times executions) which also helps gives victims satisfaction (retribution)
- many show no mercy to adulterers
98
Buddist view of capital punishment
- ahisma and karuna teach against capital punishment, as well as 1st precept (abstain from taking a life), however some Buddhist majority countries, e.g. Thailand, use the capital punishment
99
Christian view of capital punishment
- some believe only God should take a life and abide the 10th commandment 'do not kill' so disagree
- others support it as they agree with 'whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed'
- those also see it as a deterrent however the Church of England has stated there is no evidence of it being an effective deterrent
100
Muslim view of capital punishment
- Qur'an permits it in cases of murder and when a person leaves Islamic faith and begins to insult it
- this leads to Muslims often agreeing with it
101
some arguments for the death penalty
- cheaper than life sentence
- effective way of deterrence (maybe) / protection / retribution
- may be needed for extreme events (mass murder)
102
some arguments against the death penalty
- innocent people may be killed
- removes opportunity for reformation
- (Christianity) everyone deserves a second chance
103
young offenders
under 10 yrs - parents responsible
serious crimes - youth court and given fine / reparation / curfew
very serious crimes - crown court and put into young offender institution
104
give an example of forgiveness in Christianity
Jesus forgives the woman who had committed adultery
105
Christian quote for death penalty
'whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed'
106
Buddhist first precept
'abstain from taking life'
107
what is Islamic law known as ?
Shari'ah
108
what is apathy
lack of motivation to do something
109
why are some people rich ?
born or marry into wealth / have talent / invented something / successfully invested / lottery / 'fat cat' salary
110
what is relative poverty
standard of living is poor compared to others living in that country
111
what is absolute poverty
living without basic needs (food, water, shelter...)
112
why are some people poor ?
unemployment / low wages / wasteful spending patterns / debt
113
Describe Emmaus
charity set up by Christian priest that gives homeless people a place to live and they repair and sell second-hand furniture in return
114
Buddhist attitudes to wealth
- Middle Way lies between wealth and poverty
- Many don't see money as a bad thing if it is used to do good and is earned honestly
- Some Buddhist monks live with very few possessions to not become attached to material things
- Wealth leads to tanha (cravings)
115
Christian attitudes to wealth
- Believe wealth comes from God so should be used wisely
- Don't strive for wealth as it can distract someone's attention away from God
- Talents can be used to make money
- Protestant work ethic is to work hard and prosper
116
Islam attitudes to wealth
- Wealth is a blessing from Allah and should be used to help others
- Value of money is in what it can do, rather than what it is
- Don't accept handouts as believe you should earn your own keep
117
General religious principles on helping the poor
- Wealth is a gift from God
- Help the less fortunate
- Responsible use of money helps a person's spiritual growth
118
Buddhism attitudes to helping the poor
- Excess wealth should be given to the poor
- Helping the poor gives good karma and shows metta and karuna
- Generosity in giving is the first of Six Perfections
119
Christian attitudes on helping the poor
- Excess wealth should be shared with the poor
| - Run charitable organisations which help the poor (Salvation Army)
120
Muslim attitudes on helping the poor
- Value of money is in what it can do
- Wealth is a blessing from Allah and should be used to benefit oneself and the poor
- Zakat (3rd pillar) ensures all Muslims give 2.5% of wealth to the poor
- Islamic banks don't charge interest on money borrowed as it is charging those who are already poor
121
Religious views towards the lotto
```
Buddhist and Muslim forbid gambling, and the lotto is seen as dishonest and encourages greed / laziness and believe money is for the necessities of life and not for speculating to win more
Some Christians (Methodists) share these views but others (Church of England) will allow gambling in moderation, and is sometimes used to upkeep finance of churches
```
122
What did Jesus say about being rich ?
it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than a rich person to enter heaven
123
Christian quote against love of money
'love of money is the root of all evil'
124
Christian quote against striving for money
'you cannot serve both God and money'
125
Explain the poor widow story
Jesus praised a poor widow for giving a tiny amount (which she couldn't afford) to the poor, and said that this is the way to build 'riches in heaven'
126
Islam quote for earning your keep
'no one eats better food than that which they have earned by their own labours'
127
Islam quote for helping the poor
'he who eats while his brother goes hungry is not one of us'
128
Islam quote against gambling
'games of chance...are abominations devised by the devil'
129
Islam quote against gambling
'games of chance are abominations devised by the devil'
