Religion and Human Relationships Flashcards
What is sex discrimination?
When sexist attitudes are put into practice.
What is sexism?
A form of prejudice base on gender.
When was it announced illegal to discriminate genders?
1975
Why has the Church often been accused of being sexist?
The language they use seems to refer to men and God is almost alway a male.
What was society in the Old and New Testaments?
Patriarchal - men had a dominate role whereas women were treated as their property.
Give a quote for a wife being a husband’s possession.
You shall not covet your neighbour’s house. You shall not covet your neighbour’s wife, his manservant or maidservant, his oz or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbour.
What does the Old Testament believe about women?
• God create both men and women in His own image. • Eve was “Adam’s helper” so is inferior • God told Eve that her husband shall rule over her. • Women were seen as unclean during their period • Women were seen as their husband’s possessions in the patriarchal society.
What did St Augustine believe about women?
They were inferior to men due to the sins Eve did.
What was Israel like during Israel’s time?
Patriarchal
What did women have at the time in Israel?
Very few rights and respect
What did most people believe about the thoughts of Jesus about women?
They were inferior as he didn’t have any as disciples.
How do people argue against others thoughts?
By saying that Jesus had to live within the boundaries of his society. If he gave leadership roles to women people wouldn’t have listened to him.
How did Jesus show that he had privileges for women?
He allowed Mary and Martha to listen to his teacher with the disciples He showed respect to the Samaritan woman. He chose to show himself after crucifixion first to Mary.
Why did St. Paul seem to be confused?
He was contradicting his views about women.
Give a quote that St. Paul says against women.
A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to teach or have authority over a man; she must be silent. For Adam was formed first, then eve. And Adam was not the one deceived, it was the women who was deceived and became a sinner.
Give a quote St. Paul States supporting women.
You are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus…There is neither Jew not Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.
What exactly did St. Paul believe about women?
He saw women inferior an believed that they had to play a subordinate role to their husbands. However if they believed in Jesus then in God’s eyes they will be equal.
What is the Madonna?
An image of the Virgin Mary
What does the Roman Catholic Chitch believe about the Madonna?
The Virgin Mary is a symbol for an ideal women. She is shown respect for the role as the mother of Jesus. They believe that women have a “special” role - motherhood.
Give a quote form the Catholic Church?
Each of the two sexes is an image f the power and tenderness of God, with equal dignity though in a different way.
What role of men can make women seem inferior?
Men going to work
What can be argued against the role of men?
Men bring up the children and run the home
What is progress like to change its position according to the society?
Slow and still consists of many old prejudices
What’s been happening in recent years with churches?
An increasing number of Christians have felt that women should have an equal role in workshop and priesthood. Not only due to the grounds of equality but also what happened in the early church
What quote shows us that the disciples weren’t only males?
The Twelve were with him and also some women who had been cured of evil spirits and diseases.
What are the reasons against women becoming priests?
Eve was made from Adam’s rib Jesus did not have any female disciples Saint Paul said that women should stay silent in church. Saint Paul said that women should not teach or have authority over men. The teaching of the Church is right for all times and should not be changed to fit with the changing society.
What are the reasons for women becoming priests?
Jesus respected women There were no women priests in the early Church because of the patriarchal society. Now times have changed and the Church should change with them. Women and men are made in the image of God Saint Paul said that men and women are equal. Women have a lot to offer and can compliment the characteristics which men bring to the Church. Sometimes women with problems would prefer to speak with
What were women able to be for some time?
Readers
Why weren’t women allowed to bless the wine and bread?
They weren’t ordained.
What movement changed things?
The Ordination of Women
Which church first allowed women priests? Which churches doesn’t allow them?
Church of England Roman Catholic
What do many people believe about the role of men and women?
They are equally valuable but have different roles.
What does the book of Genesis state? What does this show?
That God said It is not good for a man to be alone. I will makes a helper suitable for him. Men duties come first and women support them. Even sinned first so is weaker therefore men have the final say in the family.
When did the movement get allowed?
11-11-1992
How does the New Testament agree with genesis?
Ew testament says something “women submit to your husbands. Husbands on the same way be considerate as you live with your wives and treat them with respect as the weaker partner.
What is the view on divorce in the Orthodox Church?
It is against it
What is the purpose of sex?
To ensure species survive. Reproduction and procreation. Personal enjoyment Showing love to partner a bodily and spiritual Union Marriage only consummated until sex
How was sex outside marriage like in the past?
Not frequent. People found it highly risky due to risks of pregnancy and STI’s. This was also against many religious beliefs. When contraceptive pills developed in 1960’s it removed most of the fear therefore became more “permissive”
What’s sex outside marriage like today?
More frequent. However still some fear particularly in AIDS so some people believe that sex should be reserved for long-term relationships.
What are the 2 distinct messages about sex in the bible?
Sex is to be celebrated Sex is to be controlled
What does God say about sex being celebrated?
His first command to Adam and Eve was to go and have sex “have many children so that your descendant will live all over the earth”
What does God say about sex being controlled?
Ten Commandments “do not commit adultery” “Avoid immorality…don’t you know your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit who lives in you”
What is the chastity ring or purity ring movement?
Programmes designed to encourage teenagers to abstain from participating in sexual activities before marriage. A pledge of virginity.
Why may people oppose this movement?
As they believe that you don’t need a tangible object to oblige and have a bid with God.
What doesn’t the Christian Church allow?
Cohabitation
What is cohabitation?
Living together without being married
What do churches see cohabiting people as?
People doing something that God doesn’t want.
What does The Religious Society of Friends think about cohabitation?
They don’t think that this is what God intended but they do not judge or condemn people. They believe that marriage is the best time for sex as it provides a security in living together.
What does The Salvation Army think about cohabitation?
They accept the love and stable relationship between the couples but hope that the relationship will be long lasting and they are not promiscuous.
What doesn’t the Catholic Church accept? Why?
Homosexuals. They believe it’s a sin as God has given sex to mainly have children.
What don’t both the Catholic and Church of England not allow?
Civil partnership ceremonies
What do some members of the Church of England believe?
Civil partnerships should be acceptable as they provide unity and stability just like heterosexual relationships.
What did the Church of England declare in June 2011?
A gay vicar can become a bishop as long as they remain celibate
What doesn’t the uk allow?
Gay couples to get married but allow civil partnerships.
What does the bible state about homosexuality and what do Christians feel?
It has some condemnation of homosexuality and some Christians feel that they shouldn’t be welcomed into the Christian fellowship.
Give a quote for this bible’s belief .
“Do you know that the wicked will not inherit the logs on of God? Neither the sexually immoral…not male prostitutes…nor homosexual offenders”
What do other Christians believe about gay marriage?
Everyone is a part of gods creations
What is chastity?
Not having sex until marriage
What is abstinence?
Not having sex for a moment.
What is celibacy?
Never having sex
What do nuns and monks do in Catholic Churches?
Thy make vows of celibacy
What do many Christians believe about sex?
It’s a sign for a loving and special relationships and should take place within marriage. It’s wrong to have sex before marriage even if you engages and it is wrong to commit adultery. Fidelity (faithfulness) is important to your partner.
What do some Christians believe about living together and then getting married?
The couple should live apart for some time and “rededicate “ themselves.
What is the legal age to have sex in uk?
16
What is a civil partnership?
A legal recognition of a same-sex relationship with a registry office ceremony.
What does the Roman Catholic Church believe about contraception?
“Every marriage act must remain open to the transmission of life”
Women should give birth the children even if accidental they should be accepted
What does the Congregational Church believe about contraception?
“It safeguards the well-being of family and society”
Giving birth to children keeps the generation going and helps the society.
What does the Chuch of England believe about contraception?
“The planning of the family should be agreed by husband and wife and should be a result of a positive choice before God”
The family should take a decision of their own but should believe in God.
What does the Free Church believe about contraception?
What is the rhythm method? Who is it accepted by?
Sex is avoided at a women’s most fertile point in her monthly cycle.
Acceptable by all because there is a possibility of conception
What is withdrawal? Who is it accepted by?
The penis is removed at the point of ejaculation
Not like by the Roman Catholic Church. Acceptable to other Christians.
What is the pill? Who is it accepted by?
Affects the hormone balance of a woman’s body so that she does not become fertile.
Condemned by the Roman Catholic Church. Acceptable to other Christians.
What is the morning after pill? Who is it accepted by?
It prevents a newly formed embryo from attaching to the walls of the womb. This results in a miscarriage.
Condemned by the Roman Catholic Church, conception is avoided unnaturally. Acceptable to other Christians.
What is the coil? Who is it accepted by?
Prevents a fertilized egg from attaching to the womb.
Condemned by the Roman Catholic Church. Acceptable to other Christians, however some may cosider it a form of abortion.
What is abstention? Who is it accepted by?
Not having sex
Acceptable to all
What is sterilisation? Who is it accepted by?
Stops the child producing capabilities of the male and female.
Condemned by the Roman Catholic Church. Acceptable to other Christians.
Why are most Christians in favour of contraception?
- It keeps world’s population down
- Each child is wanted and loved
- To stop the spread of STI’s
- It’s women’s rights
- It can improve women’s health
Why is the Catholic Church against contraception?
- Sanctity of Life
- God’s plan
- The purpose of sex is children
- It devalues sex
What is the conclusion about contraception in the Christians’ point of view?
The only methods of contraception allowed by the Catholic Church is the rhythm method. However the Pope has recently declared that condoms should be used exceptionally to fight AIDS. However most Christians would view the morning after pill as abortion.
What are the types of wedding ceremonies?
- Religous
- Civil
What is meant by a religious wedding ceremony?
Generally happens in a relevant place of worship
What is meant by a civil marriage ceremony?
Not distinctive of any religion or belief. Can take place at a registry office or any premises licensed to hold weddings under Marriage Act.
What is a marriage?
- A public declaration by two people that intend to spend the rest of their lives together.
- A social occasion where society is the witness to what is happening.
- A legally binding contract
- A beginning of a new family unit
What is a sacrament?
An outward visible sign of an inner blessing from God.
What happens when marriage is taken as a sacrament?
- This is said by Roman Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox
- All Christians believe marriage is a serious commitment. Couples who want to wed will often attend a course to ensure they are fully prepared.
What are the Christian beliefs about marriage?
- Marriage should be monogamous
- Marriage is the right atmosphere to engage in sexual relations
- Christians should marry in a church
- Marriage is largely about companionship
- A stable marriage is the best way to bring up a family
- Marriage is a public declaration of love and commitment
What is the order of a typical Anglican ceremony?
- Hymn - to remind people thta this is a religious ceremony
- Priest explains meaning of marriage - marriage gift from God, a symbol of the relationship between Jesus and the Church
- Declaration - everyone present asked reasons for couple not marrying so are couples
- Vows - make promises about how to care for each other
- The giving of rings - a symbol of eternity
- Priest declares couple married - marriage recognised by church
- Prayers - ask God’s help for future
- Sermon - talk about importance of marriage
- More hymns and prayers - religious ceremony reminder
- Signing the register - witness that marriage is legal
What do Catholics believe about divorce?
They do not allow it, marriage is for life and cannot be ended except by death.
In other Christian denominations in what way can a marriage be ended?
If it’s annulled
What does an annulment mean?
A marriage was never really legal in the first place.
What are reasons for annulment?
- One partner was forced into marriage
- One partner did not fully understand what marriage entails - possibly due to mental illness
- Marriage has not been consummated
What may other denominations see divorce as?
Abuse or violence
Give quotes for divorce.
- “Forgive us our trespassess as we forgive those who trespass against us” (Matthew)
- “Do not judge or you too will be judged”
- “Treat other people as you would like to be treated”(Golden Rule)
Give quotes against divorce.
- “Whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery”(Matthew)
- “No human being then must separate what God has joined together”(Mark)
- “I take you to be my wedded wife, to have and to hold from this day forward till death do us apart”(marriage vows)
Does the Orthodox Church allow remarriage?
Yes it does, but the services are different as they include being sorry for past mistakes.
How is an annulment achieved?
The couple has to get a divorce and then apply to the bishop for an annulment from the pope.
What is the Christian view on how long a marriage should last?
For life, until the couple are parted by death.
What do Catholics believe happens when a couple divorce?
The legal commitment is broken but the promises made to God are not.
Does the Catholic Church allow remarriage?
No
If a couple is experiencing difficulty in their marriage what action would the Catholic Church accept?
Separation while the couple work on restoring their relationship.
What do Catholics believe about marriage?
That it is insolubke, this means it is unbreakable by humans.
What do Catholics believe about a divorced person beginning a new relationship?
That they are acting aduterously as God does not recognise their divorce.
What part of worship does the Catholic Church encourage a divorcee not to take part in?
The Eucharist, because their divorce is sinful.
The Catholic Church does annul marriages, what does this mean?
Agreeing the marriage promises were void and the wedding is discounted.
Who makes the decision as to whether a divorcee can remarry in an Anglican Church?
The vicar
What attitude does the Church of England expect remarriage to be approached with?
Honesty
What does the Church of England believe about marriage?
That a couple should work hard to maintain their relationship.
If a couple divorce what is the church’s reaction?
All Christian churches aim to support divorcees.
What will a vicar consider before responding to a divorcee’s request to remarry in the church?
Why the person got divorved and what effort was made to maintain the first marriage.
“Marriage is out-of-date in the twenty-first century”
State the points for this.
- There is no stigma attached to cohabiting these days
- High divorce rates show people don’t take marriage seriously anymore
- Modern medicine means that sex can be casual with no long term consequences
- People live longer nowadays so ‘till death do us part’ is a harder promise to keep
- When it was harder to divorce people people took marriage more seriously
- There are other ways to show commitment - like getting a mortgage together
- Long term, monogamous relationships are the only morally acceptable kind
- A wedding is just an excuse for a big, expensive party and the money could be better spent
“Marriage is out-of-date in the twenty-first century”
State the points against this.
- Most people still choose to get married
- Sex is special and powerful thing that shouldn’t be casual
- Society is still based around traditional families
- People are still having children, and children need two parents. Marriage ensures this
- If marriage didn’t matter then homosexual xouples would not have worked so hard to gain the right to a legal civil partnership
- People will always fall in love and want a way to prove that love
- God is eternal and God created marriage
- Men and women were made to be together
- Civil partnerships have only recently been created and are the same as a marriage so marriage obviously has a part to play in modern life
- Long term, monogamous relationships are the only morally acceptable kind
What are abortive methods?
Methods of contraception that prevent the implanting of a fertilised egg
What is adultery?
Having sex with a partner to whom you are not married, while you are married to someone else
What is eros?
One of the four types of love; romantic or sexual love
What is annulment?
A legal declaration of the fact that a marriage had no existance in law; the only way of ending a marriage during both partners lifetimes recognised by the Catholics
What is asexual?
Having no sexual urge; not being sexually attracted to any other people
What are barrier methods?
Methods of contraception that put an artificial barrier between the egg and the sperm, preventing fertilisation
What is bigamy?
Being married to two partners at one time; this is illegal in the UK
What is celibacy?
Abstaining entirely from sex and sexual thoughts
What is chastity?
Keeping yourself sexually pure for your marriage; not having sex at all before you are married and only having sex with your spouse after you are married
What is conception?
Becoming pregnant; the moment at which the egg becomes fertilised
What is consummation?
The first act of sexual intercourse after a marriage; the marriage may be void if this does not happen
What is contraception?
Literally ;against conceptiom’; methods used to prevent pregnancy
What is decree absolute?
The legal statement that a marriage has been dissolved and is no longer in existence
What is decree nisi?
A legal statement notifying the parties that their marriage can be dissolved on application
What is dissolution?
Literallu ‘dissolving’; another word for divorce
What is divorce?
The legal dissolving of a marriage that has been in existence
What is emotional?
A bond created by people’s feelings
What is agape?
One of the four types of love; God’s love or universal love; something Christians should strive to achieve
What is heterosexual?
Being sexually attracted to the opposite sex of yourself
What is homosexual?
Being sexually attracted to the same sex as yourself
What is legal bond?
A bond created by the law
What is marriage?
The joining of a couple in a legal and/or spiritual way; usually because of an emotional bond between them or an arrangement by their families
What is monogamy?
Being married/ faithful to one partner only
What are natural methods?
Methods of contraception that use no artificial assistance, e.g. withdrawal
What is non-consummation?
Failure to have intercourse after your marriage ceremony; this is grounds for annulment
What is philia?
One of the four types of love; love between friends
What is polygamy?
Marriage to multiple partners at one time; this is illegal in the UK
What are sacraments?
A Catholic ceremony, ritual or occasion at which God is believed to be present
What is spiritual bond?
A bond created by the couple’s relgion or beliefs
What is storge?
One of the four types of love; family love
What is wedding?
The ceremony at which a marriage is created
What is void marriage?
A marriage that never legally existed; where there are grounds of annulment
What is voidable marriage?
A legal marriage where there are grounds of divorce
What are vows?
Promise made to/ in the sight of God
What is commitment?
A bond between a couple
What is pre-marital sex?
Having a sexual relationship before marriage
What is re-marriage?
Marrying again after divorce. Also after annulment or widowhood.
What is promiscuity?
Having many sexual partners without commitment
What is a sacrament (as in what does it do?)
A special action which brings Christians closer to God
