Religion and Ethnicity

Question 1

Ethnic differences

Answer 1

The main groups in which still stay mostly religious are African Caribbean’s and Asian religious groups. African Caribbean’s were not accepted within churches when they originally came to Britain and often found services boring, so essentially established their own churches. Whereas Asian religious groups had to establish their own temples and mosques because they had non-Christian backgrounds. Often Islam and many values in Britain are opposed, such as equal opportunity laws where in Islam its desirable for women to be raised separately and have less rights; therefore can be difficult to sustain stable religious groups.

Question 2

Reasons for high commitment

Answer 2

Bruce identifies that ethnic minorities experience cultural transitions and cultural defenses, in to which they are more religious. These are the movements that allow a community into a new society and help the adjustment; as well as provide support and act as a defense mechanism in a hostile environment. Davie identifies that religion is a way of maintaining tradition. Madood states its an important part of socialisation.

Question 3

Reasons for high religious commitment (Social deprivation and marginality)

Answer 3

Social deprivation, marginality and status frustration. Due to this religion is a source of positive identity and therefore provides a theodicy of disprivelage. Giving people purpose, moral compass, personal transformation and way of coping with their position in society.

Question 4

Reasons for high religious commitment 3

Answer 4

Family pressures and extended families within Asian families (being tightly knit).

Question 5

Theodicy of disprivelage/uplift

Answer 5

The justification for their position in society, essentially a way of coping with possible oppression and inequality by using religion.

Question 6

Pentecostalism in ethnic minorities

Answer 6

The fastest growing group within Christianity, globally and in the UK. Particularly amongst young men; gives them a very distinctive group identity.

Question 7

Mirza (Islam identity)

Answer 7

Found an increase in religiosity and identification with Islam among young second and third generation Muslims. More younger women wear the headscarf, growing membership. Mirza suggests this is due to British foreign policy, decline of other sources of identity and multicultural policies. Hostility amongst mainstream society drives Muslims to embrace their own culture, as being constantly reminded of their differences.