Religion and divisions (S1.4) Flashcards
What relation did the Crown have to the Church of England and Scotland?
The King was the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, but not the head of the Scottish Kirk.
What type of structure did the Church of England have?
An episcopal structure
> Bishops within the church (hierarchical)
What was James’ general approach to religion?
- Longed to restore unity to Christendom
> Sought a balanced approach, wanted to maintain harmonious relations
> Sought obedience from Puritans, and wanted a display of toleration towards Catholics
What was Charles’ general approach to religion?
- Not committed to being a royal peacemaker
> Committed to tolerating Catholics, but this in turn led to wide suspicion of sympathy for Catholicism
> Sought to bring a far-reaching reform of the Church of England
What was Arminianism?
A type of Protestantism (which closely aligned with Catholicism in certain areas)
What were the core Arminian beliefs?
- ‘beauty of holiness’; ceremony, order and rituals to be revived and strengthened
- Predestination was harsh and mistaken; salvation was through works and God’s help
> Head was the monarch; deeply hierarchical (bishops); decorated buildings
Why were there fears of Arminian influence?
Growth of Arminian ideas greatly worried Puritans
> Tended to view Arminians as crypto-Catholicism, and their religion as crypto-Catholicism
Who was Richard Montagu?
Montagu was a supporter of Arminianism
> Montagu’s support in the 1624 Parliament (i.e. in ‘A New Gag for an Old Goose’) caused great Puritan resentment; James took Montagu’s side
> Laud wrote to Buckingham, in support of Montagu
How did Laud begin to gain influence in the early-mid 1620s?
Laud was connected with Buckingham from 1623
> Became his chief religious advisor by the time of James’ death (James disliked Laud)
> Laud was a dogmatic ideologue; court favour flowed in his direction
What happened in 1626, in terms of religion?
York House Conference (February 1626)
What happened in the February 1626 York House Conference?
- Chaired by Buckingham; aim was to reduce religious tensions
> Puritans sought to avoid further religious pressures, and to persuade Charles that Arminians were wrong
> Ideas of Montagu were discussed and approved; intensifies pressures further; Laud gains further influence
How did Laud rise after the Feb 1626 York House Conference?
- Subsequently became a bishop, following the York House Conference
> Became a privy councillor in 1627
> Became Bishop of London in 1628
What were Laud’s actions like following his quick rise?
- Began dignifying church buildings and conduct of worship
- Enforced uniformity
- Began to persecute Puritan ideas and stop their publishing (as a member of the Star Chamber)
> Support of social hierarchy and Crown prerogative
What role did Laud and the Arminians play in finance, in 1627?
- Laud and the Arminians justified Charles’ forced loan of 1627
> Referred to his divine right to rule and royal prerogative
How did Montagu benefit from his relations with Charles in 1628?
Became a Bishop
