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Issues in US domestic > Religion > Flashcards

Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the constitution do and not do regarding religion

A

Doesn’t forbid religious reference in points in debates

Not mentioned in the constitution or bill of rights but the idea that it regulates religion in the public life.

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2
Q

What clauses are in the constitution

A

The establishment clause - no state sponsored religion like CofE in the UK
Free exercise clause - allows citizens to exercise their religious freedom and follow any religion of their choosing, can’t prevent Catholics from going to mass.

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3
Q

What is religion in the American society

A

the bedrock ever since it was founded

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4
Q

What is the role between state and religion

A

Seperation of powers, stops indiviudals from having power, not corrupted. Original sin man can’t be trusted with power so it acts as a way to separate power.

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5
Q

Where can religion be found in the constitution

A

In the first ammendment, a constitutional right without interference from the state.

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6
Q

What are the two ways religion and the state relationship has been interpreted

A

Liberal - religion should not interfere with the state.

Conservative - the state should interfere with religion.

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7
Q

What are the establishment clause problems

A

S - Seperation of state and religion be absolute
A - Should the state play no part in religious activity
L - Should the state not pass any laws if they are seen to prefer one religion over another.
E - How does the state respond to religious expression in public institutions such as schools.

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8
Q

What is the history of religous engagement

A

Increased over time, been allowed to flourish because there is no state religion. Putnam found that the level of engagement had increased since the founding fathers, in 1980 it was 62%, increased from 17% Putnam

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9
Q

Where does the word god appear in the constitution?

A

It doesn’t but appears on bank notes, pledge of alliegance

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10
Q

What comment can you make on religous engagment

A

Overstated except in the Southern bible belt - Mormons and Jeohvah witnesses have. A privatised affair more a belief than an activity.

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11
Q

Define the Christian right

A

A group who are ideologically close who are formed to defend their moral values, loose and diverse who campaign

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12
Q

What is the divide and who came up with it?

A

Bruce defined it as traditionalist/conservative/fundamentalists vs. liberals/progressives

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13
Q

What are the two movements

A

Moral majority - set up in 1979 by Reverend Jim Falwell in Virginia
Christian Coaltion - set up in 1988 by Reverend Robinson a televised evangelist who failed to win the 1988 Republican party nomination.

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14
Q

What were the moral majority tactics?

A

Campaign to get voters to sign up to vote, previouslt hadn’t as the church had told them to put their religious obligations first. Campaigned for candiates they supported and ran adverts for them.

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15
Q

What were the Christian coalition methods

A

Voter guides to advise them on candidates regarding key moral and family issues, still issue them today. More involved politically, active in the Rep party, in key positions at state levels, important numbers at primaries and elections. Advocate key issues such as Bush stance on gay rights, watch Mel Gibson’s Passion fulm

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16
Q

How did it emerge?

A

A response to the 1973 Roe vs. Wade supreme court decision in which states could prohibit abortions was found to be unconstitutional.
Also arose out a deeper context - emergence of the politics of identity and recognisition

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17
Q

Expand on politics of recognisitation

A

Other margianlised groups started to gain more attention - civil rights, women, gay rights they thought they were the same.

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18
Q

What four key things?

A
  1. Prayer in schools
  2. Teach creation science rather than darwinism
  3. Introduce key morals and elimante sex ed
  4. Bannning of key texts that are offensive or wrong.
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19
Q

What is the four key principals

A

Banning of porn, overturn roe vs. wade, prevent gay rights, re establish gender roles.

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20
Q

What is a key court decision that has affected the NCR

A

The 1963 Vitale vs Engel decision which found that prayer in school was unconstitutional, attempts to get it changed at state level have even been rejected

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21
Q

What plans have been rejected

A

Allowing states to change when prayer could take place in school

22
Q

What have they learnt

A

That despite having public opinion on side they are still unable to change the decision because of how it will affect marginalised groups. Desire to speak on behalf of a moral majority doesn’t hold any sway with political judgements. See themselves as a victimised minority so are defending their rights.

23
Q

How is the argument more coherenet

A

When they argue that the establishment clause doesn’t allow for religion to be promoted, but they argue that secular humanism is instead being promoted

24
Q

What is secular humanism

A

Religion is excluded from a public funded organisation i.e school.

25
Q

Describe elections and NCR

A

More involved in Republican party at many levels. At the 1996, Republican primary convention 25% were its members which meant that abortion was one of the key pledges that year.

26
Q

What has there electoral success translated into

A

Nothing really - gay marriage has advanced, Roe vs wade in place. Bush and Reagan both benefited from their suppport but made no moves that gave them policy wins. School prayer still hasn’t been allowed

27
Q

Why is this

A

The system is resistant to change, seperation of power.

28
Q

What was Marsh vs Chambers

A

In 1983 supreme court ruled it to be constituional that nebraska started each legislative session with prayers and that they paid a chaplain for it.

29
Q

Explain NCR and Trump

A

Realised that instead of getting someone who was their man as nomination and president, they can mould and influence them so that they become their man.

30
Q

What percentage did white evangelists comprise of in elections

A

26%

31
Q

What was important about the white christian vote

A

Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Iowa—all have white Christian majorities, which were all crucial states.

32
Q

Why is it surprising evangelists support Trump

A

He’s on his third wife, sexual assault, adultery and wavered his position on gay rights and abortion. But when compared to Clinton he was seen as the better candidate. Also Pence as his running mate, a white evangelist.

33
Q

What can be said about the NCR now?

A

They are even better at organising the vote now then they were before.

34
Q

What percentage of the white evangelist vote voted for Trum

A

81% according to the exit poll. Higher share than Romney, Bush and McCain

35
Q

Where did Pence go

A

He went to the anti-abortion march in January, the most senior figure to ever do so.

36
Q

What is the Pence ammendment

A

Defunding planned parenthood - abortion clinics

37
Q

Tell me about Pence in office

A

2002 - criticised the teaching of darwinism science instead of creationism.
2002 - Criticised condoms as a form of contraception
2000 - Criticised that AID spending could be redirected to something else, like gay correction treatment

38
Q

Who in Trump’s team spoke about the role of church and state

A

Jeff Sessions, attorney general said that it was unconstitutional that there was a wall between church and the state.
Ben Carson said that the redefinition of the constitution and taking God out of it was unconstitutional.

39
Q

What is interesting about Betsy DeVoy

A

Billionaire backer of the Christian Right, education secretary, says her work gets her one step closer to Gods kingdom and wants to direct more money to religious schools.

40
Q

What Trumps pledges

A

Picked Gorsuch who will help overturn Roe vs. Wade, supports the 2015 bill First Ammendment Defence act which would protect those who discriminate against LGBT people for religious reasons.

41
Q

How would you describe the election of Trump has helped NCR

A

Their ideas weren’t promoted or contested in the election but now look like they are being introduced, doing a deal with the devil paying off

42
Q

Why are the Christian right important to Trump

A

Helped win the election couldn’t of done it without them and just the alt-right

43
Q

What is the name of Trump’s SCOTUS

A

Neil Gorsuch

44
Q

Summarise Gallup polls

A

53% said religion was very important
75% thought religion was losing influence on American society
55% members of church or synagogue

45
Q

What is interesting about Gorsuch

A

His stance on abortion is unknown, he has never written about it.
He is a big fan of Scalia, interprets the constitution for what it says doesn’t include his beliefs.
Goes to Episopal church which pro-gay, pro-green and pro-Muslim.

46
Q

Who said that religion only enters politics when it is discussing moral issues

A

Proffessor Gutting from the Notre Dame University in the New York Times in 2011.

47
Q

What did Jefferson say

A

Writing in papers in 1802 he described that there was a wall between state and religion, leading many to argue that it has to be absolute, the divide between the church and state.

48
Q

What do critics of the church’s role in the state use as evidence

A

Special zoning laws for churches, that Christmas is a public holiday, in god we trust

49
Q

What else do critics say of the church and state

A

That the modern concept is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution, and contray to how the founding fathers understood it.

50
Q

What did Bellah say

A

The idea of civic religion, the special way in which the state interacts with the church, the political realm hasn’t denied a religious dimension.

Issues in US domestic (1 decks)

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