Religion 25 Flashcards
1
Q
Matthew’s gospel
A
Most Jewish
Follows the pattern of the Old Testament
Emphasizes Jesus was a fulfillment of God’s promise to Israel
2
Q
Mark’s Gospel
A
Heavy sense of suffering
Ended with the empty tomb
First gospel written
Written between 65 and 70 CE
3
Q
Luke’s gospel
A
Written for gentiles and Christians
Also wrote acts of the apostles
Emphasizes role of the holy spirit
Stressed jesus’ mercy and compassion
4
Q
John’s gospel
A
Describes Jesus as the word Last gospel written Not a synoptic gospel Filled with symbolism and imagery Presents Jesus as the divine son of god
5
Q
Josephus Tacitus Pliny the Younger and Seutonius
A
Jewish and Roman historians (non-christian) who wrote about jesus, proving he existed.
6
Q
Christian scripture
A
Old and new testaments (bible)
7
Q
Inspired texts
A
Not the literal word of God but inspired by Him and the Holy Spirit
8
Q
Gospel
A
Good news
9
Q
Sadducees
A
Religiously conservative, politically liberal Jewish upper class
10
Q
Pharisees
A
Rivals of the Sadducees, liberal religiously and conservative politically. Jesus called both groups hypocrites
11
Q
Essenes
A
Withdrew from society to practice strict religious lives
12
Q
Zealots
A
Thought Jewish independence could only be maintained by overthrowing the Roman’s
13
Q
Tax collectors
A
Aka publicans. Hired by Romans, had to collect a quota then kept anything else for themselves. Corrupt and hated by most.
14
Q
Scribes
A
Writers and interpreters of the law. Organized scripture into the Old Testament we know today
15
Q
Samaritans
A
Jewish group who wasn’t sent into exile by Babylonians, considered inferior
16
Q
Herod the great
A
King of the Jews during jesus’s birth, smart and cruel leader who killed all baby boys
17
Q
Herod antipas
A
King of the Jews when jesus died
18
Q
Pontius pilate
A
Roman procurator at the time of jesus’s death
19
Q
Who did Jews expect a Messiah to be like?
A
David. Strong and would battle to take Israel back by force, like a Zealot. Jesus was nothing like this
20
Q
What Christian teaching could the Jews not accept?
A
That jesus was God. Their religion dictated only God was God
21
Q
To the ancient Jews, sharing a meal was a _______. To break bread was an ________ sign of ______ and _______. Whenever a meal is shared, you can be sure _________________.
A
Sacred act, outward sign, unity, friendship, something significant is happening
22
Q
Why did people get mad when Jesus ate with sinners? Why did he do it?
A
They felt it demonstrated his approval of sinners. He was offering forgiveness.
23
Q
Why is eating the fatted calf important in the prodigal son?
A
Meat was only eaten on special occasions. It would’ve been normal for the father to kill his son for disgracing him. This was a surprising twist.
24
Q
Most common foods in Jesus’ time
A
fish and bread
25
What job did jesus' first disciples have? What qualities did they have?
Fishermen. Courageous, patient, hearty spirits
26
What was Jesus' job and what did he learn about life from it?
Carpenter, he learned sensitivity to the needs of people
27
What age did men and women get married
Men at 20, women at 12
28
Punishment for adultery
stoning to death
29
The ____ was the head of the family, sons and daughters were his ______.
Father, property
30
Polygamy in Jesus' time
Having more than one wife. Wasn't illegal but uncommon because most people were too poor to support multiple wives.
31
Women in Jesus' time
Viewed as inferior, for example they couldn't sit and eat with men. They ate as they served others. Jesus elevated the status of women by talking to them and treating them equally
32
Children in Jesus' time
Children were a blessing from God, but girls were less desirable because they married young and became property of their husband. They moved away and couldn't serve their parents.
33
Slavery in Jesus' time
Uncommon because they had to be freed after 7 years. Wasn't a super valuable investment.
34
Social outcasts in Jesus' time
Poor, weak, sick, Samaritans, etc. Jesus challenged this social structure by honoring and embracing the outcasts.
35
Jerusalem
Most holy city
36
Shema
prayer said at dawn and nightfall every day by Jews
37
Sabbath
day of rest each week
38
Pentecost
Celebrated 50 days after Passover, commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit on the disciples
39
Yom Kippur
Aka Day of Atonement, most holy day of the year where Jews remember their sins
40
Passover
Important Jewish festival commemorates Jewish liberation from Egypt
41
Sanhedrin
official governing body of Jews
42
Historical Truth
Historically accurate events whose occurrence can be proven. 10-20% of the bible is historically accurate.
43
Scientific Truth
Things that can be proven using the scientific method
44
Proverbial Truth
Wise sayings, developed through experiences. "don't lick a pole when it's cold"
45
Symbolic Truth
Parables, myths. Much of scripture is told in symbols which must be understood. Ex - fish symbolizes Jesus
46
Moral Truth
Tells us what's right and wrong. Ex - 10 Commandments
47
Religious Truth
Concerned with interpretation of events through someone's faith, looking at things that happen in relation to God.
48
Crisis Oriented Faith
Praying only when we need help or are going through a crisis
49
Need for Love
God is the ultimate source of love, but turning to religion out of loneliness doesn't help
50
Need for Security
"Jesus take the wheel" letting God decide where your life goes. Need to make decisions for yourself
51
Need for Emotional Stability
Religious beliefs stir up emotions, don't let your beliefs make you intolerant
52
Need for Meaning
Religion helps us explore bigger questions and find meaning. But you still need to live your life. Even priests who dedicate their lives to God still have lives outside the church
53
Guilt and Fear
Believing because you feel you have to or will be punished
54
Background
Believing because its how you were raised
55
Faith
Something you believe
56
Knowledge
Something you know and can be proven
57
How many books in each Testament and in the bible?
46 OT + 27 NT = 73 total
58
Myth
A story that tries to explain a certain aspect of life to answer "why?" Ex - Creation Story
59
Legend
An embellished story linked to a historical event or character. Ex - David vs Goliath
60
Core Narrative
Heart of the Scriptures
OT - Exodus
NT - Death and resurrection of Jesus
61
Expanded Narrative
Stories that lead into the Core Narrative, "prequel." Genesis, Noah, etc.
62
Historical Narrative
"Sequel"
OT - Stories of the history of Israel after the exodus
NT - After Jesus resurrected
63
Organizational Narrative
Deals with the organization and structure of the believing community and its rules/regulations
64
Theological Literature
Writing that explains the religious beliefs of the community
65
Instructional Literature
Writing that applies the different elements of faith to specific situations found in the believing community
66
Pronouncement Stories
A story acted as a setup for a punchline
67
Short Sayings
Words to the wise. Ex - Beatitudes
68
Instruction for Disciples
Instructions for those who would be disciples. Ex - to pray the Lord's prayer
69
Parables
Comes from the Greek word meaning "comparison," based on everyday life and filled with twists to teach a lesson.
70
Descriptions of the King
Ex - The Lost Sheep, prodigal son
71
Kingdom Responses
How to act if you want to enter the Kingdom of God
| Ex - Rich Fool, Parable of the talents
72
Relationships with our Neighbours
Ex - Unforgiving servant, Good Samaritan
73
The Fulfillment of the Kingdom
Ex - The Great Feast
74
Healing Miracle
Blind -> See, curing lepers
75
Nature Miracle
Walking on water, turning water into wine
76
Restoration of Life Miracles
Lazarus
77
Exorcism
Would've actually been curing mental illness, seen as being possessed by demons at the time
78
Evidence of Jesus performing miracles
Historical records, eyewitness testimonies, the Pharisees who hated Jesus said it happened, non-Christians described it.
79
What did ancient Jews believe about illness?
They believed illness was a punishment from God for your sins, everything that happened was in relation to God. By curing illness they believed Jesus went against God's will for those people to be punished
80
Why did Jesus perform miracles?
Compassion, kindness, and showing God's power
81
Why are gospel accounts of Jesus' crucifixion so detailed?
It's the heart of the Christian story, the crucifixion was contrary to what should happen to a Messiah, details were important to making people understand why it happened.
82
The Last Supper
During passover feast, Jesus knew he was going to die and said one of his disciples would betray him.
He broke bread and served wine, saying they were his body and blood. In Catholicism, the Eucharist doesn't represent Jesus, it is Jesus.
83
Why did the Jews ask the Romans to punish Jesus?
They didn't have the authority to kill people charged with blasphemy. Convinced the Romans he was trying to start a revolt.
84
What does the cross symbolize?
Overcoming evil and suffering as Jesus did
85
What did Jesus call out on the cross?
"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me." He was quoting scripture. Shows his humanity, he didn't want to die or endure this pain.
86
Why did soldiers guard Jesus' tomb?
Jews didn't want Jesus' disciples to steal his body, because then they could claim he survived. They needed him to be dead to stop the Christian movement
87
4 pieces of evidence that support the resurrection
- Consistent, unwavering belief in the early church. They disagreed a lot about most things but there was a general consensus about this
- Mary Magdeline was the first eyewitness. In this time, a woman's testimony was invalid. If the Christians were making this story up, they wouldn't have a woman find Jesus first.
- Post-Resurrection Appearances
- Martyrdom, Christians were willing to die for their faith. Wouldn't go to this extent if it was a lie
88
Initial reactions of witnesses of the resurrection
Shock and fear, Jewish teaching said there are no resurrections
89
Blessing God gave to Abraham
I will make of you a great nation, your name will be great. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you, and make your descendants as numerous as the stars
90
What nationality is Abraham, where was he born?
Hebrew, Ur
91
Sarah's problem
She was too old to give birth to a son, her servant, Hagar had one with Abraham instead named Ishmael. Went on to begin Islam
92
Sign of the Covenant
8 day old male babies must be circumcised
93
Sarah's pregnancy
At first she and Abraham laughed and didn't believe it, they were too old. Their son was named Isaac, meaning "laugh"
94
Isaac's wife
She was sterile but God gave her twins, Esau and Jacob
95
Jacob vs Esau
Jacob was a stay-at-home mama's boy, Esau was a hunter whom his father loved. Esau was slightly older, given the birthright from his father.
Isaac was blind at an old age, Jacob dressed up like his older brother and convinced his father to give him the birthright.
96
Jacob's wives
Leah, who he ignored, then Rachel, who he actually wanted in the first place but was infertile
97
Why was Jacob called Israel?
He wrestled with an angel, begging for forgiveness for deceiving his brother and a blessing. He was given a blessing and renamed "Israel," meaning "one who wrestles with God."
98
Why was Moses sent in a basket down the river?
King of Egypt decided to kill all firstborn Hebrew children so his mother wanted to save him. The Pharaoh's daughter found him and raised him
99
Why did Moses flee Egypt as a young adult?
He killed an Egyptian guard, knew he was a foreigner (different race), saw his people being treated poorly
100
How did Moses encounter God?
Burning bush, said his name was Yaweh, and Moses must free his people from Egypt.
101
What two main events form the Exodus story?
The escape into the desert, and the formation of Israel around the mountain of God
102
How did Moses convince the Pharaoh to let his people go?
Incited 10 plagues against Egypt, the last of which killed the Pharaoh's young son, after which he finally let them leave.
103
Significance of the snake sign?
A cobra signified the pharaoh's authority, Moses made a bigger snake that could eat the pharaoh's.
104
Significance of the leprous hand sign?
Demonstrated God's power to punish the Egyptians if they didn't listen
105
Significance of turning water into blood?
The Nile river supplied Egypt with all its wealth, would've been terrifying
106
Significance of the 10th plague?
Killing all firstborn Egyptian children, sort of revenge for Egypt killing all firstborn Hebrew children earlier. Show's God's preference for the Hebrew people
107
Central theme of the Exodus
God granted the Hebrews safe passage and frustrated those who opposed them. It was God's will that they were saved.
108
Philistines
A group who lived near where Israel was established, didn't like the Hebrews.
109
How was Saul chosen first king of Israel?
Basically rolled a dice. They needed a king to defeat the philistines but no one really wanted to take on that burden
110
What was wrong with Saul? What was his remedy?
He was very paranoid and had mental illnesses. David, a young shepherd, was sent to Saul by God to play the harp and sing for Saul to soothe him.
111
The Rise of David
In a battle with the Philistines, they faced Goliath, whom young David killed with only a slingshot. Saul appointed David as general of his army. Saul's firstborn, Jonathan, should've been jealous but actually really liked David.
David won many battles as General, during one victory celebration women were singing praises about David. Saul became paranoid David would challenge his rule and wanted him killed, so David fled.
God turned against Saul, he lost a battle and killed himself. David returned to take the throne.
David not only stopped the Philistines, he united Israel under one free kingdom. "Glory days" of Israel
112
What did David choose as Israel's capital city?
Jerusalem because it was safe, neutral territory at the time
113
How did David abuse his power as King?
Killed all Saul's male descendants, didn't punish his son for raping his sister, took a soldier's wife as his own then sent the soldier on a perilous journey to die.
114
What saved David?
He accepted condemnation for his sins and asked for forgiveness
115
Why were the Hebrews different than everyone else at this time?
They only worshiped one God, not many.
116
Messiah
Anointed One
117
Matthew's Infancy Narrative
- Jewish Audience
- Born in Bethlehem
- Conceived by Holy Spirit
- Visited by Wise Men
- Herod kills all baby boys
Convince the Jews that Jesus was the next great Jewish guy, the Messiah, worshiped by Kings. Herod killing baby boys showed a connection between Jesus and Moses
118
Luke's Infancy Narrative
- Gentile Audience
- Born in Bethlehem
- Conceived by Holy Spirit
- Story of the census
- Mary visits Elizabeth
- Visit of shepherds
- Born in the stable
Emphasis on poor and outcasts, emphasizes Jesus' humanity and humbleness, and his openness to everyone.
119
Influences on Jesus when he grew up
- Education. Jesus was well educated in a synagogue, spoke 3 languages and learned Jewish history and religion
- Lived under Roman Rule, constantly lived in a society overwhelmed by Roman occupancy
- Religion. Jesus' family were devout Jews, deeply prayerful and faithful. Immersed in Jewish culture
120
Significance of John the Baptist
Called people to acknowledge their sins. Baptized Jesus, a key time of self-discovery for him where he recognized what God wanted him to do.
121
What two lessons did Jesus learn from his Baptism?
- He was chosen to begin a new kingdom, save the people on earth
- The spirit of God would give him the power to fulfill this role, symbolized by a dove descending on him
122
Why did Jesus choose 12 Apostles?
Connected to Jewish History, there were 12 tribes of Israel. They were to be a new community of faith, a new Israel.
123
Abba
Affectionate term meaning "daddy." Jesus referred to God with this, which was weird because Jews believed God was a distant, powerful being. Jesus wanted them to feel close and connected to God.
124
What did "love your neighbor" mean to Jews? What did Jesus want it to mean?
They thought it meant "Love your JEWISH neighbor." Jews felt threatened under Roman rule, Jesus encouraged them to love their enemies and their friends. Loving your friends is easy, do what's difficult.
125
What is legalism?
Laws becoming too strict and oppressive. Jesus wanted people to worry more about being a good person than following laws exactly, called people that are too concerned with rules hypocrites.
126
What words did Jesus use instead of love?
Service, compassion, forgiveness
127
Jesus' teaching of the Kingdom of God
Unconditional love, unrestricted and for everyone. Communal, not personal.
128
Two aspects of sin
Personal and Communal. Sins aren't just between you and God, they hurt other people too
129
What is Catholic Social Teaching and what are its three main aspects?
Apply the gospel and teachings of Jesus to our everyday life.
- See
- Judge
- Act
130
9 Principles of Catholic Social Teaching
- Dignity of the Human Person
- Respect for Human Life
- Call to fairness, community, participation
- rights and responsibilities
- common good
- preferential option for the poor
- rights of workers
- solidarity
- stewardship
131
What is a right?
Rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled, often include the right to life, liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law
132
What is a fundamental human right?
Life. You don't have to do anything to earn the right to life because you had no influence whatsoever in you being born.
133
Give a definition of justice
Justice is the moral and cardinal virtue by which we give everyone their due by right. Making sure we all get a share of the gifts of creation.
134
Commutative Justice
Justice that involves exchange, a one-to-one relationship. Ex - Commerce, business. I buy something expecting it to be worthwhile, doing each other favors, etc.
135
Distributive Justice
Distribution of the goods of creation. Ex - Taxation to make life more fair, all people pay a varying amount but receive equal services
136
Legal Justice
The obligation of the government to its citizens. Ex - Maintain order, laws, ensure human rights, police, courts
137
Social Justice
Applying Jesus' teaching to the structures of society. Ensure all people are able to contribute to society. Ex - Voting, donating to charity, helping poor, protesting injustices, community involvement
138
Justice vs Charity
Justice - Long term, group actions, addressing the root cause of a problem
Charity - Short term, individual private acts, fulfilling an immediate need
139
Subsidiarity
Nothing should be done at a higher level that can be done as well or better at a lower level. Big federal stuff should stay out of our business, leave municipal issues to municipalities, etc.
140
Define Common Good, what are its 3 essential elements
All of the conditions for a person to achieve full human potential. Certain things we have to do or give up to benefit everyone
Essential elements: Respect for the person, social well-being, peace
141
Preferential option for the poor
The rich are rewarded on earth by living luxurious lives, so the poor are favored by God and rewarded in heaven
142
Prophet
One who speaks for God
143
Pentateuch
First 5 books for the Bible, aka the Torah
