RELIGION Flashcards
Human beings’ relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy of especial reverence. It is also commonly regarded as consisting of the way people deal with ultimate concerns about their lives and their fate after death.
RELIGION
In many traditions, this relation and these concerns are expressed in terms of
one’s relationship with or attitude toward God(s) or spirits;
in more humanistic or naturalistic forms of religion, they are expressed in terms of
one’s relationship with or attitudes toward the broader human community or the natural world.
Believers and worshippers
participate in and are often
enjoined to perform
devotional or contemplative
practices such as
prayer, meditation, or particular rituals
‘A unified system of belief and practice relative to sacred things-that is to say, things set apart and forbidden; beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church all those who adhere to them:
According to?
Emile Durkheim
Three essential elements of the definition
1.Observable phenomena (study objectively)
2.Organized and ordered system (can be construed)
- Unification of Moral community (the sacredness of religious entities is
collectively constructed in a social process towards unification)
“ a process, a search for significance in ways related to the sacred” According to?
Kenneth Pargament
is a religious or other belief system affiliation. ___________________ is the self-identified association of a PERSON with a religion.
Religious Affiliation
in his essay Religion and Globalization, he points out the rift between the study of religion and science. He underscores that the focus of social science in the past century was SECULARIZATION, which points to the hypothesized demise of religion and its value in societies manifested, for instance , in the separation of church and State.
Victor Roudometof
a philosophical view oriented toward the need for a secular life beyond one’s religious life
SECULARISM,
“a transition from a religious to a more
worldly level”.
SECULARIZATION
the separation of religion from civil affairs and the state and may be broadened to a similar position seeking to remove or to minimize the role of religion in any public sphere)
SECULARISM
allowing others to abide by their own religious practices and beliefs, such as consenting the establishment of places of worship or the toleration of countries or communities of minority religions or religion as a whole.
RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE
is intolerance of another’s religious beliefs, practices, faith or lack thereof. Statements which are contrary to one’s religious beliefs do not constitute intolerance.
RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE
refers to extreme self-identification with a particular religion
NONVIOLENT INTOLERANCE
involves direct use of physical violence in pursuing subjectively-defined religious missions, including killing and destroying.
VIOLENT INTOLERANCE
is a term used to describe how global cultures are adjusted in local contexts to suit localized needs. It is a portmanteau of the terms “globalization” and “localization”.
Glocalization
speaks of the loss of the “natural” relation between culture and the social and geographic territories (García Canclini 1990), and describes a deep transformation of the link between our everyday cultural experiences and our configuration as preferably local beings
DETERRITORIALIZATION
is a phenomenon in which there is an international interconnectivity that impacts society through economics, cultural exchange, and in some cases, political ideologies.
TRANSNATIONALIZATION
“religion going global”
TRANSNATIONALIZATION OF RELIGION
In the age of globalization, Roudometof suggested four forms of glocalization:
- VERNACULARIZATION
- INDIGENIZATION
- NATIONALIZATION
-TRANSNATONALIZATION.
Linking “religious universalism with vernacular language” Sacred practices remain to be tied to particular sacred language
VERNACULARIZATION
Linking “religious universalism with local particularism” Religious practices are blended with indigenous practices
INDIGENIZATION
Linking “universal religion and local, national particularism”
Emergence of local religions tied with universal religions.
NATIONALIZATION
Absorption of a universal religion into ones one’s own culture:
naturalization of religion Allegiance to global religious community
TRANSNATIONALIZATION
RELIGIONS
ISLAM
HINDUISM
BUDDHISM
JUDAISM
CHRISTIANITY
a world religion, was founded by Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century CE. It emphasizes surrender to Allah’s will, who is considered the sole creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world. The Qurʾān, revealed to Muhammad, reveals this will. Muhammad is considered the last prophet, and his message complements the revelations of earlier prophets.
ISLAM
also known as Sanatana
Dharma, is the world’s oldest living religion. It
is a natural religion, meaning its philosophies
and practices are considered universally
accessible through sincere study, reason,
and experience apart from special revelation.
HINDUISM
is one of the world’s largest religions and originated 2,500 years ago in India. Buddhists believe that the human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.
BUDDHISM
Religious beliefs and practices of the Jews. One of the three great monotheistic world religions, Judaism began as the faith of the ancient Hebrews, and its sacred text is the Hebrew Bible, particularly the Torah.
JUDAISM
RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM
NONVIOLENT INTOLERANCE
VIOLENT INTOLERANCE
