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Environmental Tech Ass 2 > Reliance On Fossil Fuels > Flashcards

Reliance On Fossil Fuels Flashcards

1
Q

A fossil fuel is

A

Fuel consisting of the remains of organisms preserved in rocks in the earths crust with high carbon and hydrogen content

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2
Q

A renewable energy source is

A

A form of energy derived from natural resources that do not use up natural resources to harm the environment

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3
Q

4 uses of fossil fuels in modern society

A

Crude oil for production of plastics
Crude oil for production of pharmaceuticals such as penicillin
Crude oil for transport - combustion engine
Fibres such as nylon and acrylic are derived from crude oil

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4
Q

How can human reliance on plastic can be reduced.

A

Stop buying plastic bottles instead use reusable bottles
Implement paper bags instead of plastic
Increase cost of plastic bags
Completely ban plastic cups
Recycle
Purchase second hand to avoid plastic packets

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5
Q

Why is global action required to tackle fossil fuel depletion

A

Because the impacts of excessive recourse use effects the whole world

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6
Q

Why is global action required to tackle fossil fuel depletion

A

Because the impacts of excessive recourse use effects the whole world

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7
Q

Why is conservation of fossil fuels an important issue

A

They take 100s of millions of years to form
We are using them much too quickly

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8
Q

Describe the trends of fossil fuel usage since the industrial revolution

A

The use of fossil fuels has expanded rapidly since the Industrial Revolution

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9
Q

Describe the trends of fossil fuel usage since the industrial revolution

A

The use of fossil fuels has expanded rapidly since the Industrial Revolution

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10
Q

How long are these projected to last?

A

Coal will last the longest at around 114 years
Crude oil and natural gas will last around 50

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11
Q

How long are these projected to last?

A

Coal will last the longest at around 114 years
Crude oil and natural gas will last around 50

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12
Q

How long are these projected to last?

A

Coal will last the longest at around 114 years
Crude oil and natural gas will last around 50

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13
Q

How will technology influence the lifespan of fossil fuels?

A

As technology advances, new crude oil fields will continue to be discovered and they can be exploited.
However some fields may be discovered but we may not be able to exploit them due to our technology limitations

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14
Q

How will technology influence the lifespan of fossil fuels?

A

As technology advances, new crude oil fields will continue to be discovered and they can be exploited.
However some fields may be discovered but we may not be able to exploit them due to our technology limitations

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15
Q

How does the price of crude oil impact its availability?

A

If crude oil is pricy enough it means that businesses such as BP have a higher incentive to discover more fields and extract more oil.

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16
Q

Name the global scientific panel that publishes data that proves humans are causing climate change

A

The , Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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17
Q

Name 6 points that the IPCC provide that are proof that climate change is taking place

A
  1. Hotter days and nights and more heatwaves
  2. Fewer cold days and nights and fewer frost events
  3. Increased hurricanes
  4. Higher levels of co2 in the atmosphere
  5. Polar ice caps are melting
  6. Increased sea temp
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18
Q

Another word for human induced

A

Anthropogenic

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19
Q

Another word for human induced

A

Anthropogenic

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20
Q

What are the aims of carbon trading and how does it work

A

Carbon trading is a method that aims to reduce the carbon emissions of a country by giving incentives to major polluting industries. Nations are given a certain amount of permits that they can use or sell to other countries if they do not use them

21
Q

Give 4 advantages of carbon trading

A

Environment- carbon trading can reduce global carbon emissions therefore saving the environment
Financial incentive- companies who opt for environmentally friendly ways can sell extra permits for profit
Control- it provides the government with control over the contrived carbon emissions
Flexibility - it allows companies to enter a period of transition that suits them and their unique needs

22
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of carbon trading

A

Complexity in the market (investors buy permits just to make money)
Economy- some businesses may not want to get involved if it effects their profitability, and small businesses would just rather pay for extra permits instead of installing environmentally friendly technology
Size of permits- countries can lie about the amount of carbon emissions they produce and therefore they get more permits to exchange for money

23
Q

When did fossil fuel use start to increase significantly and why did this happen?

A

Since the Industrial Revolution it increased in the 1760s. This is due to the increase in population of the world greatly increasing, increase in the number of goods and services offered, as companies don’t care about the negative environmental impacts their work has, they only care about profits, air travel has also a lot of carbon emissions and flights have become a lot more readily available and cheaper.

24
Q

What type of fossil fuel was most used up until 1920 and what were its main uses?

A

Coal
Was used in heating of homes, production of electricity and powering trains by producing steam

25
Q

What type of fossil fuel was most used up until 1920 and what were its main uses?

A

Coal
Was used in heating of homes, production of electricity and powering trains by producing steam

26
Q

What are the different disadvantages involved with using coal

A

Coal is the most polluting fossil fuel, it has links with asthma and cancer.

27
Q

Why did the use of fossil fuels greatly increase after ww2 in 1945

A

They increased because since ww2 the affluence of people for many people form Western Europe greatly increased leading to more cosmetics and goods and services provided. The companies supplying these do not care about the environment and only drive for profit.

28
Q

Which 2 countries dominated the world economy 2000 years ago

A

India and china

29
Q

Countries from which regions have dominated since the Industrial Revolution

A

North American countries, European countries and Japan

30
Q

What nations will rise and which will fall as projected by 2050

A

Japan and European nations will fall, whereas developing nations such as India, China, Brazil, Russia and Indonesia will rise

31
Q

How has china’s economy grown since after ww2

A

Went from being outside of the top 10 in 1980, to being 2nd in 1980, to being projected to be first by 2050

32
Q

What is fuel security?

A

The uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price

33
Q

State the 2 key parameters in relation to fuel security

A

Uninterrupted availability- this means that energy should always be available when required, therefore there should be no queries with the energy supply chain in regardless of the energy type

Affordable price- there is no point of having an uninterrupted supply chain of energy when it is too expensive, in recent years energy has become too expensive for low income households

34
Q

In which part of the world are the most crude oil reserves located and what are the problems surrounding this?

A

The most crude oil reserves are located in SA and Venezuela, and some in Iraq and Iran, this causes conflicts. As if these nations don’t accept trade offers from western nations then they rush loosing power to those that will

35
Q

In which part of the world are the most crude oil reserves located and what are the problems surrounding this?

A

The most crude oil reserves are located in SA and Venezuela, and some in Iraq and Iran, this causes conflicts. As if these nations don’t accept trade offers from western nations then they rush loosing power to those that will

36
Q

Name some energy forms and give a description and an example of each

A

Kinetic- movement, eg a pearsonal walking
Thermal- heat, eg a hot coffee up has more thermal energy than a cold one
Grav pot- energy possessed by a body due to its height above the ground eg dropping a penny on ground
Chemical- energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance, eg food
Sound- energy possessed by a medium vibrating due to a disturbance, eg speaker

37
Q

What is the law on the conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, merely transferred from one form to another

38
Q

Energy in=

A

Energy out

39
Q

What exactly does heat mean and how does it differ from thermal energy

A

Heat is the name for energy in the process of energy transferring from one point to another based on the temperature difference between them. Every body has thermal energy but heating occurs when thermal energy is conveyed away (cooling) or towards (heating)

40
Q

What does the thickness of the arrows in a snake diagram represent

A

The amount of energy that is going in, that is useful and useless.

41
Q

What type of fossil fuel do the UK rely on the most heavily to produce electricity

A

Natural gas at 42%

42
Q

Which fossil fuel does the UK aim to phase out by 2025 and why?

A

Coal is to be phased out by 2025 Because of its highly polluting nature and to aid the carbon reduction targets (Ambrose 2019)

43
Q

State and describe the 4 stages in the production of electricity in a fossil fuel power plant

A
  1. The fossil fuel is combusted in a furnace to release the thermal energy it contains
  2. The thermal energy produced by the combustion of the fossil fuel is then used to increase the temperature of the water in the furnace to produce steam at 100*C. Then the steam is ejected out of the furnace to the steam turbine
  3. The night velocity steam particles cause the turbine to spin as the water molecules are colliding with the fins of the steam turbine, causing it to turn. The more the particles collide the more the temperature of the steam decreases as after each collision they have less energy. When the steam reaches a lower temperature but is still hot, it is sent to the cooling towers.
  4. The hot steam then enters the cooling towers where it looses substantial energy so it turns back into water, this is then recirculated back to the furnace where the process repeats itself
44
Q

State and describe the 4 stages in the production of electricity in a fossil fuel power plant

A
  1. The fossil fuel is combusted in a furnace to release the thermal energy it contains
  2. The thermal energy produced by the combustion of the fossil fuel is then used to increase the temperature of the water in the furnace to produce steam at 100*C. Then the steam is ejected out of the furnace to the steam turbine
  3. The night velocity steam particles cause the turbine to spin as the water molecules are colliding with the fins of the steam turbine, causing it to turn. The more the particles collide the more the temperature of the steam decreases as after each collision they have less energy. When the steam reaches a lower temperature but is still hot, it is sent to the cooling towers.
  4. The hot steam then enters the cooling towers where it looses substantial energy so it turns back into water, this is then recirculated back to the furnace where the process repeats itself
45
Q

State a disadvantage of the cooling towers used in traditional power plants

A

They loose a considerable amount of energy as they eject it into the atmosphere

46
Q

State the efficiency’s of a conventional power plant

A

30 - 40%

47
Q

Definition of a direct energy source

A

“ these renewable energies take energy from a renewable such as the wind and the waves and can convert it into electrical energy directly”

48
Q

Definition of a indirect energy source

A

These take energy from a renewable source such as the sun using a physical characteristic of the material being used and convert this into electrical energy.
Examples include solar PV and biomass

Environmental Tech Ass 2 (1 decks)

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