Reliability of cognitive processes

Question 1

When might memory be changed?

Answer 1

during storage, processing and retrieval -> due to schema processing

Question 2

hat was Freud’s view on memory and forgetting?

Answer 2

Freud proposed the first psychological theory of memory through his psychoanalytic theory. He believed that people repress painful memories into the unconscious to protect themselves. These memories still exist but can only be recovered through hypnosis or dream analysis by a trained psychologist. However, many modern researchers argue that such “recovered memories” may actually be false memories—created events that never really happened.

Question 3

What research supports the idea that memory can be influenced or distorted?

Answer 3

Bartlett (1932) showed that schemas—mental frameworks—can shape and even distort memory recall, especially in storytelling. His work was supported by Loftus and Palmer (1974), who demonstrated that eyewitness testimony can be manipulated by wording in questions, showing how subtle cues can alter how we remember events.

Question 4

What is confirmation bias

Answer 4

the tendency to seek out information to confirm what you already believe.

Question 5

What is an illusory correlation?

Answer 5

This is a belief that two things are associated when there is no actual or only a minor association