Reliability Engineering and Quality Assurance Flashcards
Reliability definition
Defined as the ability of a system to perform its intended mission when operating for a designated period of time, or through a planned mission scenario (or series of scenarios), in a realistic operational environment.
– A system with a 90% reliability has a 90% probability that the system will operate the mission duration without a critical failure
Inherent within this definition are the elements of probability, satisfactory performance, time or mission-related cycle, and specified operating conditions.
– The tools of reliability engineers include heavy doses of probability and statistics and specialized tools like fault trees and reliability block diagrams, as well as traditional engineering tools of modeling and simulation
Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, & Supportability (RAMS)
Reliability Block Diagram (BRD) as a concept
Represents the system’s functioning state (success or failure) in terms of the function states of it’s components
The RBD demonstrates the effect of a failure of a component in the success or failure of the system
RBDs for a system
All real systems are built up of some system elements that are arranged reliability-wise in series and some system elements that are arranged relaibility-wise in parallel
“Reliability-wise in series”
If even one component fails, the whole system fails (like the links of a chain… none of them can fail or the whole thing fails)
Indicates an ‘product’ relationship in terms of Boolean algebra
- That same equation also applied when calculating the probability of system failure (for each factor, you just calculate the probability that that component will fail in the given time period and
The least reliable component
“Reliability-wise in parallel”
Indicates Redundancy, extremely common in automotive and aerospace
Quantifying this is a little trickier than it seems:
The reliability of a system build up from components reliability-wise in parallel is 1-ΠF
ΠF is the probability that ALL the components will fail within the mission duration (product of CDF for each component failure)
Quantifying Reliability
The exact number depends on the time period
A component’s reliability is represented by the probability that it will fail in the given time period (solved using an integral)
System reliability is represented by the probability that the entire system will fail in the given time period (mission duration)
- For components ‘reliability wise in series’: It is the product of those integrals
F-function of a component
Represents the probability that the component will fail.
It is equivalent to one minus the reliability function F=1-R
Reliability function of a component
Represents the probability that the component will NOT fail.
It is equivalent to one minus the reliability function R=1-F
Mean time to failure (MTTF)
Represents how long the component or system will be expected to last, on average
This is particularly important is exponential failure distributions
Failure distributions
Calculating MTTF for a system
Reduction of complex RBDs
“Fault” Definition
A latent defect condition-incompatibility, degradation, or deterioration; OR a hazard that has the potential to materialize into a failure
Fault Tree Analysis
Represents an option when it comes to understanding how a system may fail
- Uses Boolean algebra symbols to represent sequencing and dependencies