Reliability Flashcards
What is a raw score in psychological testing?
A number (X) that summarizes or captures some aspect of a person’s performance in psychological tests.
What does the term ‘norms’ refer to in test-score interpretation?
The test performance or typical behaviour of one or more reference groups.
What is the purpose of developmental norms?
To help in the early identification of children who are developmentally at risk.
What is the Provence Birth-to-Three Developmental Profile?
A part of the Infant-Toddler Developmental Assessment (IDA) designed for early identification of developmental risks.
What are theory-based ordinal scales?
Ordinal scales based on factors other than chronological age, such as Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.
How are mental age scores derived?
Based on the child’s performance, earning credits in terms of years and months.
What are grade equivalent scores used for?
Interpreting scores in terms of developmental norms based on school curricula.
What are within-group norms?
Norms that provide a way of evaluating a person’s performance in comparison to one or more appropriate reference groups.
What does a percentile score indicate?
The relative position of an individual test taker compared to a reference group.
Describe the steps to calculate a percentile score.
- Arrange values from lowest to highest
- Count values below or equal to a certain value
- Divide by total number of values
- Multiply by 100
True or False: The percentile transformation is linear.
False
What is a test ceiling?
The highest score attainable on a standardized test.
What does a test floor refer to?
The lowest scores on a test, indicating insufficient test coverage for lower performance.
What are standard scores?
Scores that express a linear transformation while leaving the interrelationships among them unaltered.
List examples of standard scores.
- z-scores
- T scores
- IQ scores
What are nonlinear transformations?
Transformations that convert a raw score distribution into a distribution with a different shape.
What are normalized standard scores used for?
When a score distribution approximates but does not match the normal distribution.
What is a stanine?
A scale that transforms all scores in a distribution into single-digit numbers from 1 to 9.
What are equating procedures in test interpretation?
- Alternate forms
- Anchor tests
- Fixed reference groups
- Simultaneous norming
What is the significance of test revisions?
Revisions help maintain the relevance and accuracy of tests over time.
What is criterion-referenced testing?
Tests used to ascertain whether a person has reached a certain level of competence in a field.
Provide examples of testing knowledge of content domains.
Standardized objective tests.
What does performance assessment measure?
The quality of performance in a skill area.
How are cutoff scores used in clinical assessment?
To screen for the presence of certain disorders based on normative data.
