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Relgion Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term ‘Agnostic’ mean?

A

Without knowledge; does not deny nor believe in a sacred realm.

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2
Q

Define ‘Animism’.

A

Early belief that all things have souls.

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3
Q

What is an ‘Atheist’?

A

Without godly belief; denying existence of God.

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4
Q

What is a ‘Creed’?

A

A system of Christian or other religious belief.

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5
Q

Define ‘Dogma’.

A

A set of principles laid down by an authority as irrevocably true.

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6
Q

What are ‘Ethics’?

A

Moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour.

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7
Q

What is ‘Faith’?

A

Strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual apprehension rather than proof.

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8
Q

Define ‘Humanism’.

A

A philosophy of life that considers the welfare of humankind to be of paramount importance.

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9
Q

What does ‘Hierophany’ refer to?

A

A manifestation of the sacred.

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10
Q

What is ‘Monotheism’?

A

Belief in one god.

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11
Q

Define ‘Monistic’.

A

God is unknowable and an impersonal entity.

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12
Q

What does ‘Naturism’ imply?

A

The forces of nature were believed to be controlled by spirits/powers in nature.

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13
Q

Who is considered a ‘Pagan’?

A

A person who is not religious or whose religion is not Judaism, Islam, or especially Christianity.

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14
Q

What is ‘Polytheism’?

A

Belief in many gods, each having a particular role.

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15
Q

Define ‘Religious pluralism’.

A

A positive attitude toward the existence of many faiths in one society.

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16
Q

What does ‘Religious impulse’ mean?

A

The universal urge to believe in something beyond ourselves.

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17
Q

What is meant by ‘Secular’?

A

Denoting attitudes or activities that have no religious or spiritual basis.

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18
Q

Define ‘Theophany’.

A

Manifestation of deity in sensible form.

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19
Q

What does ‘Artha’ refer to?

A

Earning money by honest means to provide for the family.

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20
Q

What is ‘Asceticism’?

A

Giving up worldly life; wandering, meditating, attaining salvation.

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21
Q

Who is ‘Brahman’?

A

The Ultimate God/Supreme Being.

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22
Q

Define ‘Brahma’.

A

The creator god of the Hindu sacred triad.

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23
Q

What is a ‘Brahmin’?

A

Highest of all casts entitled to study the Vedas.

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24
Q

What are ‘Bramanas’?

A

Interpretations of the Vedas.

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25
Q

What does the ‘Caste system’ refer to?

A

Social structure used to designate social classes of extreme rigidity.

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26
Q

Define ‘Dharma’.

A

Code of behaviour.

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27
Q

What is ‘Karma’?

A

The totality of one’s actions in life.

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28
Q

What does ‘Kama’ signify?

A

Pursuing love and physical pleasures to balance life.

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29
Q

What is ‘Moksha’?

A

Leading the soul toward salvation through honest and moral actions.

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30
Q

What does ‘Om’ represent?

A

A sacred syllable that invokes the essence of Brahman when chanted.

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31
Q

What is ‘Puja’?

A

Worship.

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32
Q

Define ‘Samsara’.

A

The cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth.

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33
Q

What is a ‘Bimah’?

A

A raised platform in a synagogue from which the Torah is read.

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34
Q

What do ‘Kashruth’ laws pertain to?

A

Dietary laws which come from the Torah.

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35
Q

What does ‘Mezuzah’ translate to?

A

Doorpost.

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36
Q

What is a ‘Minyan’?

A

Quorum of 10 men required for traditional Jewish public worship.

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37
Q

Define ‘Mitzvah’.

A

The act of performing a good deed; 613 mitzvah (248 positive & 365 negative).

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38
Q

What does ‘Shema’ mean?

A

Hebrew word meaning ‘Here, O Israel, The Lord is our God, the Lord is One.’

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39
Q

True or False: ‘Shoah’ refers to the mass murder of Jewish people during the Nazi regime.

A

True.

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40
Q

What is a ‘Tallit’?

A

Literally means ‘fringed garment’; worn for morning prayers and all prayer on Yom Kippur.

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41
Q

Who is an ‘Apostle’?

A

One of the twelve disciples chosen by Christ to teach the gospel.

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42
Q

What does ‘Ascension’ mark?

A

The bodily passing of Christ from earth to heaven on the fortieth day after Easter.

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43
Q

Define ‘Conclave’.

A

The assembly of cardinals for the election of a pope.

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44
Q

What is ‘Ecumenism’?

A

A movement aimed at improving relations between Christian denominations.

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45
Q

What does ‘Extra Omnes’ mean?

A

Latin for ‘everyone out!’.

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46
Q

What is the ‘Filioque clause’?

A

An extra phrase added to the Creed, stating ‘who proceeds from the Father and the Son’.

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47
Q

What does ‘Habemus Papam’ translate to?

A

We have a Pope!

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48
Q

Define ‘Indulgences’.

A

The remission of punishment caused by sin.

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49
Q

Who is a ‘Martyr’?

A

A person who voluntarily suffers death for their religion.

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50
Q

What does ‘Schism’ refer to?

A

The formal separation of a Church into two Churches.

51
Q

What is the ‘Trinity’?

A

The doctrine that states God consists of three persons yet are one essence.

52
Q

What is a ‘Hijab’?

A

Headscarf worn by Muslim women.

53
Q

Define ‘Hijrah’.

A

Migration.

54
Q

What are the ‘Five pillars’ of Islam?

A
  • Shahadah (creed) * Salat (prayer) * Zakat (charity) * Sawm (fasting) * Hajj (pilgrimage)
55
Q

What is the difference between ‘Greater’ and ‘Lesser jihad’?

A

Lesser jihad is fighting in self-defense; Greater jihad is spiritual striving.

56
Q

What is ‘Wahi’?

A

Spiritual revelation.

57
Q

What does ‘Wudu’ refer to?

A

The practice of ritual washing before daily prayer.

58
Q

List Ninian Smart’s Six Traits of Religion.

A
  • Religious Teaching or Doctrine * Community of Faith * Religious Experience * Sacred Stories * Sacred Symbols/Rituals * Morality
59
Q

What is a ‘Theocentric’ worldview?

A

God-centered; purpose of life is to discover the path to union with God.

60
Q

Define ‘Anthropocentric’ worldview.

A

Human-centered; values of humanism.

61
Q

What does ‘Cosmocentric’ mean?

A

Nature is an expression of the sacred realm.

62
Q

True or False: A ‘Secular’ worldview relies on science and technology to answer life’s problems.

A

True.

63
Q

What are the main themes of the ‘Torah’?

A
  • Creation * Redemption * Revelation
64
Q

What is the ‘Tenach/Torah’?

A

The Hebrew Bible; consists of three sections: Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim.

65
Q

What does ‘Mishnah’ represent?

A

The first compilation of the Oral Law.

66
Q

Define ‘Gemara’.

A

Compilation of interpretations and theological arguments about the Mishnah.

67
Q

What is the ‘Talmud’?

A

Combination of the Mishnah and Gemara; central document of post-biblical law.

68
Q

List the Canonical Gospels.

A
  • Mark * Matthew * Luke * John
69
Q

What does ‘Shruti’ refer to in Hinduism?

A

Knowledge revealed or discovered by the seers, contained in the Vedas.

70
Q

What is ‘Smriti’?

A

Human-made literature or knowledge that is remembered.

71
Q

What are the ‘Vedas’?

A

Contain hymns, prayers, and instructions on how to live and worship.

72
Q

What does ‘Aum’ represent in Hinduism?

A

A sacred sound that symbolizes the essence of Brahman.

73
Q

What is the significance of the ‘Swastika’?

A

An ancient symbol of good fortune and protection.

74
Q

Define ‘Festivals’ in a religious context.

A

Celebrations that often have specific rituals and meanings.

75
Q

What is ‘Rosh Hashanah’?

A

The Jewish New Year; begins a period of repentance.

76
Q

What does ‘Yom Kippur’ signify?

A

The Day of Atonement; a day of fasting and repentance.

77
Q

What is ‘Hanukkah’?

A

Festival of lights; commemorates the miracle of the oil in the temple.

78
Q

What is the ‘Seder Meal’?

A

A ritual feast marking the beginning of Passover.

79
Q

What does ‘Holy Week’ encompass?

A

The week leading up to Easter, including Palm Sunday and the Triduum.

80
Q

What does Beitzah symbolize in the context of the Passover Seder?

A

Hard boiled egg; symbol of life

The egg represents the cycle of life and renewal.

81
Q

What does the cracker represent during the Passover Seder?

A

Reminder of the haste with which the Hebrews fled Egypt

The matzah, or unleavened bread, signifies the quick departure from slavery.

82
Q

How many glasses of wine are consumed during the Passover Seder?

A

Four glasses

A special glass is left for the prophet Elijah.

83
Q

What is the Afikoman in the context of Passover?

A

Hidden piece of matzah children eat for dessert

The Afikoman is a tradition to engage children in the Seder.

84
Q

When does Holy Week begin?

A

Palm Sunday

It is the Sunday before Easter and marks the beginning of Holy Week.

85
Q

What does the Triduum refer to?

A

Holy Thursday, Good Friday, and Easter Sunday

These three days are significant in the Christian liturgical calendar.

86
Q

What significant event does Holy Thursday commemorate?

A

The Last Supper and Jesus washing the feet of the disciples

This day marks the institution of the Eucharist.

87
Q

What is commemorated on Good Friday?

A

The trial, crucifixion, death, and burial of Jesus

It is considered the most solemn of Christian holy days.

88
Q

What does Easter Sunday celebrate?

A

The resurrection of Jesus

This event occurs three days after Jesus’s crucifixion.

89
Q

When does Lent begin and end?

A

Begins two months after Christmas and lasts for 40 days

Starts with Ash Wednesday and ends with the start of Holy Week.

90
Q

What does the term ‘Epiphany’ mean?

A

Manifestation

It celebrates the revelation of God the Son in human form.

91
Q

When is Ramadan observed?

A

The most blessed month of the Islamic year

It commemorates when the Qur’an was revealed to Muhammad.

92
Q

What is Eid al-Fitr?

A

Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan

Eid means ‘festivity’; fitr means ‘to break the fast’.

93
Q

What does Eid al-Adha commemorate?

A

Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son to God

Muslims sacrifice their best domestic animals during this holiday.

94
Q

What is Holi known as?

A

Festival of Colours

It is celebrated during the springtime in March when there is a full moon.

95
Q

What is Diwali?

A

Festival of Lights

It celebrates the triumph of good and knowledge over evil.

96
Q

What does Navaratri signify?

A

Nine Nights festival

It involves worshipping different goddesses over nine nights.

97
Q

Who is considered the ‘Father of the Jews’?

A

Abraham

He is a forefather for the three major Abrahamic religions.

98
Q

What is the significance of the Abrahamic Covenant?

A

Deal made between God and Abram

It involves preaching monotheism in exchange for descendants.

99
Q

What major event did Moses lead the Hebrews through?

A

The Exodus

The Hebrews wandered in the desert for 40 years after escaping Egypt.

100
Q

What are the Ten Commandments?

A

Laws given to Moses on Mount Sinai

They established the rules of the covenant.

101
Q

What role did the Angel Gabriel play in Muhammad’s life?

A

Gave the words of the Quran to Muhammad

Gabriel accompanied Muhammad on the Night Journey.

102
Q

What was the significance of the Council of Nicaea?

A

Settled issues regarding the nature of the Son of God

It established the Nicene Creed and the official observance of Easter.

103
Q

What initiated the Protestant Reformation?

A

Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses

It addressed issues within the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences.

104
Q

What does the term ‘Great Schism’ refer to?

A

The split between the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches

It was caused by various disputes, including authority of the pope.

105
Q

What is the significance of the Night of Power & Excellence?

A

Revelations to Muhammad

It marks the moment when Muhammad received his first revelation.

106
Q

What is the Adhan?

A

Call to prayer in Islam

It is performed shortly after a child’s birth.

107
Q

What is the role of the Imam in Islamic marriage?

A

Reads from the Quran during the ceremony

The marriage contract must be witnessed by two other Muslims.

108
Q

What does the term ‘Brahmin’ refer to in the caste system?

A

Highest caste including priests and teachers

They are expected to live godly lives and pursue knowledge.

109
Q

Who are the Shudras in the caste system?

A

The laboring class whose duty is to serve

They are not required to observe Vedic rituals.

110
Q

What is the significance of the Western Wall?

A

Place of prayer and pilgrimage sacred to Jews

It is believed that the divine Presence never departs from this wall.

111
Q

What is Hajj?

A

Mandatory pilgrimage to Makkah

It is to be undertaken at least once in a lifetime by Muslims.

112
Q

What does the term ‘Iqamah’ refer to in Islamic practice?

A

Command to rise and worship

It is the second call to prayer performed for children.

113
Q

What is the Western Wall?

A

A sacred place of prayer and pilgrimage for Jews

The belief is that ‘the divine Presence never departs from the Western Wall.’

114
Q

Why is there no new temple for Jews?

A

Because Jews aren’t ready and Muslims control the top of the Temple Mount

The Dome of the Rock is located on the Temple Mount.

115
Q

What is Hajj?

A

The mandatory pilgrimage to Makkah for Muslims

It should be undertaken at least once in a lifetime by Muslims who have the health and means.

116
Q

What do all pilgrims wear during Hajj?

A

White garments

This symbolizes solidarity and equality among all pilgrims.

117
Q

Why is Rome significant for Catholics?

A

It is the residence of the Pope

Catholics believe that Jesus appointed Peter as the first Pope.

118
Q

Who do Catholics believe was the first Pope?

A

Peter

He is believed to have been appointed by Jesus.

119
Q

Fill in the blank: The Western Wall is a place of _______ and pilgrimage sacred to Jews.

A

prayer

120
Q

True or False: Hajj can be performed multiple times in a Muslim’s lifetime.

A

True

121
Q

What is the significance of white clothing during Hajj?

A

It shows solidarity and equality

All pilgrims, regardless of their background, wear the same attire.

122
Q

What does the term ‘Shia’ refer to?

A

A branch of Islam

It is one of the two main branches, the other being Sunni.

123
Q

What does the term ‘Sunni’ refer to?

A

A branch of Islam

It is the largest denomination within Islam.

eng (3 decks)

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