Relevant Context - 30 Year War

Question 1

What are the two main causes of the thirty-year war?

Answer 1

• Religious divisions in Northern Europe
• Ambitions of Habsburg monarchy

Question 2

How did an ambitious Habsburg monarchy help cause the 30-year war?

Answer 2

• Notorious for enhancing territory through marriage
• This caused resentment eg. Moravia and Bohemia where protestants were bitter due to the counter-reformation policies
• The war started in Prague due to defenestration (throwing someone out a window) was carried out by a representative of the emperor.
• The protestants of Bohemia raised armies to support Fredrick V son-in-law of James VI and I of Scotland and England.

Question 3

What is the defenestration of prague?

Answer 3

• Major catalyst for 30 year war
• May 1618
• 4 Catholic representatives of the Emperor came to Prague to meet Bohemian Protestant estates.
• Bohemia had been under Habsburg control since 1526
• May been to halt build of Protestant Churches
• 3 thrown out a window surviving the 70 ft fall.

Question 4

How large were the foreign armies who became involved in the 30-year-war?

Answer 4

• 150,000 Swedes
• 100,000 Danes
• Fought for the protestant cause
• Dutch, Scottish and English also involve.
• 1635 - France joined

Question 5

How did Frances involvement change the 30-year-war?

Answer 5

• 1635
• Anti-Habsburg alliance
• War became less religious and more a continuation of existing rivalry between French and Habsburgs in Spain and Germany.

Question 6

30 year war

What was the effect of large armies on Bamberg?

Answer 6

• Famine
• Soldiers requisitioning food, villages and towns
• Plundered for supplies
• Conscription
• In combination with, Crop failure and inflation meant fear rose.

Question 7

30 Year War

Define - Heretic

Answer 7

People who deviated from orthodox Catholic practices.

Question 8

How much debt where Bamberg in following the war?

Answer 8

800,000 florins

• High taxes inevitable