relative pronouns Flashcards
Rules
if preposition
restrictive - a clause required to make sense –>
if no separation antecedent - pronoun ->
prepositions: Generally if there IS a preposition, quien is a safe bet while que can only be used after certain prepositions.
comma delimited extra info - que or quien
restrictive (required clause to make sense) use que.
Que, the shortest relative pronoun, is used when the relative pronoun comes immediately after the antecedent. Nothing separates the relative pronoun from the antecedent, not even a comma. no separation -use que
small space -> use quien
The person who used to write reports from Beirut died last night.
La persona que escribía reportajes desde Beirut murió anoche. (restrictive=> que)
That journalist, who worked for years as a correspondent, was a friend of mine.
Ese periodista, que/quien lleva años trabajando como corresponsal, fue amigo mío. (commas, non-restrictive can use either que/quien.
Juan lent you a book that is mine.
Juan te prestó un libro que es mío.
The house that has a red roof is over there.
La casa que tiene un techo rojo está allá.
The woman that/who lives there is my aunt.
La mujer que vive allí es mi tía.
The man (whom) you see in the photo is my brother.
El hombre que ves en la foto es mi hermano.
The café (that) you like is over there.
El café que te gusta está allá.
The book (that) you borrowed is mine.
El libro que prestaste es mío.
This is the house in which I grew up.
Ésta es la casa en que crecí.
Have you been to the café (that) I was talking about?
¿Has ido al café del que hablaba?
She isn’t the woman (whom) I talked to.
No es la mujer con quien hablé.
Where are the children to whom I told the story?
¿Dónde están los niños a quienes les conté el cuento? (preposition +person)
My aunt, who is a doctor, is going to visit me today.
Mi tía, quien es doctora, me va a visitar hoy. (comma, nonrestrictive, person)
Has anyone seen Maria, whom Samuel is in love with?
¿Alguien ha visto a María, de quien está enamorado Samuel? (preposition + person)
Bananas, those which are ripe, are delicious.
Los plátanos, los que son maduros, son deliciosos.
Do you remember the beaches that we were talking about yesterday?
¿Recuerdas las playas de las que hablamos ayer?
My brother is setting the table, on top of which is a vase of flowers.
Mi hermano está poniendo la mesa, por encima de la cual hay un florero.
I shut the door, behind which the party continued.
Cerré la puerta, detrás de la cual la fiesta continuaba.
We walked through the park near which there is a good café.
Caminamos por el parque cerca del cual está un café muy bueno.
The enemies against whom you fight are powerful.
Los enemigos contra quienes lucha son poderosos. (antecedent -sm space -pronoun)
This is the judge against whom you need to present your case.
Ésta es el juez ante quien debes presentar tu caso.
I am an individual who wants independence
Soy un individuo que quiere independencia. (no separation antecedent -pronoun)
He/they who have 6 children works much.
El que tiene seis hijos trabaja mucho.
