Relative Measures of Association and Study Design

Question 1

Case-Control

Answer 1

1. OR

Question 1

Cross-sectional study

Answer 1

1. OR (odds exposure/odds no exposure)
2. Prevalence Ratio

Question 2

Cohort

Answer 2

1. OR (odds of disease/odds of no disease)
2. Cumulative Incidence Ratio
3. Incidence Density Ratio

Question 3

RCT

Answer 3

1. OR
2. Cumulative Incidence Ratio
3. Incidence Density Ratio

Question 4

OR

Answer 4

1. Disease should be rare
2. Cases distribution of exposure is representative of the distribution of the exposure among all people with the disease in the population from which cases were drawn.
3. Controls’ history of exposure is representative of the distribution of exposure among all people without the disease in the population from which the cases were drawn.

Question 5

Absolute Scale

Answer 5

1. AR
2. AR%
3. PAR
4. PAR%

Uses the 0 scale

Question 6

AR

Answer 6

Assuming causality, [x] cases of outcome among [exposed] is attributable to the exposure.
a/a+b - c/c+d a.k.a Ie-Iu

Question 7

AR %

Answer 7

Assuming causality, [X%] of outcome among exposed is attributable to exposure.
Ie-Iu/ Ie *100

Question 8

PAR

Answer 8

Assuming causality [x] cases of [outcome] among the total population is attributable to the exposure.

Question 9

PAR %

Answer 9

Assuming causality, [X%] of outcome among the total population is attributable to exposure.