Relative energy deficiency in sports Flashcards
What is RED-S?
How much energy is available for basic metabolic functions e.g.. reproduction, immunity and skeletal homeostasis.
Who does RED-S affect?
- Females and males
- Individuals who do not identify as athletes
- Numeros health and performance parameters in addition to bone and menstrual dysfunction in the triad model.
What does RED-S include?
- Impairments of metabolic rate
- Menstrual function
- Bone health
- Immunity
- Protein synthesis
- CV health
How do you calculate ones Energy availability?
Energy intake (kcal) - Exercise energy expenditure (kcal) / Fat free mass (kg).
What is the optimal energy availability for healthy physiological functions for women?
45 kcal/kg/FFM/day
What are the health parameters significantly associated with low energy availability (LEA)?
- Poor bone health
- Metabolic abnormalities
- Menstrual dysfunction
- Haematological detriments
- Gastrointestinal dysfunction
- CV deficits
What are the psychobiological and performance factors that are correlated with LEA?
- Judgement
- Mood
- Concentration
- Coordination
- Training response
- Endurance performance
- Increased in irritability
Potential performance consequences of RED-S?
- Decreased endurance performance
- Increased injury risk
- Depression
- Decreased training response
- Decreased coordination
Endocrine effects of RED-S?
- Disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
- Alterations in thyroid function
- Decreased leptin & oxytocin
- Increased growth hormone
Menstrual dysfunction is a result of what?
Low Energy availability which affects reproductive hormones
Metabolic impacts of RED-S?
-LEA correlated with decreased RMR in female endurance athletes.
Haematological impacts of RED-S?
Decreased iron availability, iron is essential for haematopoiesis and subsequent oxygen carrying capacity.
Cardiovascular impacts of RED-S?
- Early atherosclerosis may be associated with FHA in young athletes
- Endothelial and lipid profile dysfunction reported in amenorrhoeic athletes.
Gastrointestinal impacts of RED-S?
- Altered sphincter function
- Delayed gastric emptying
- Constipation
- Increased intestinal trust time
Immunological impacts of RED-S?
-More upper respiratory symptoms and lower immunoglobin A secretion rates in the amenorrhoeic vs eumenorrhoeic athletes.
