Relationships Flashcards
Wat is natural selection
Process where we inherit characteristics that enhance our chance of survival and we pass them down to the next generations
What is adaption
Functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in humans
What is reproductive success
The degree in which an individual is successful in producing offspring that in turn are able to produce offspring o their own offspring
What is sexual selection
A type of natural selection where individuals with certain traits are more likely to find a mate and reproduce
Human reproductive behaviour
Behaviours which relate to opportunities to reporduce
Wha is intersexual selection
Where one sex, usually females select mate based on certain desirable characteristics such as good hygiene.
Quality over quantity
What is intrasexual selection
Involves competition within the same sex, males, to get access to more mates.
Get in physical fights
What is hip to waist ratio
Research that shows males perfer with a 0.7 hip to waist ratio because it shows that the women is fertile and not pregnant
What are the male mating strategies
Courtship rituals
Size
Sperm competition
Mate guarding
Sneak copulation
What are the female mating strategies
Handicap hypothesis
Sexy sons hypothesis
Courtship
What is self disclosure
The revealing of personal information about oneself to another individual we like in hopes it is reciprocated
What is breadth
At the start of a relationship, you disclose superficial , surface level information
What is depth
As the relationship develops , self disclosure becomes deeper, more personal sensitive information is shared
What is reciprocity
For a relationship to work, self disclosure should be reciprocated
What is the halo effect
Where we see people as beautifulso we assume that the person is beautiful on the inside.
What do we find most attractive
Symmetrical faces
Neotenous faces (baby faces)
People who are similar to us
What is the matching hypothesis
The idea that we seek relationships that who are at a similar attractiveness level as us as it decreases the risk of rejection
What is the filter theory
3 levels that filter out potential mates available to us:
Social demography
Similarity in attitudes
Complimentarity
What is the social exchange theory
Here relationship is based on rewards and costs and using the mini max strategy, we try max our rewards and minimise costs
What are the 4 stages of relationship development according to the social exchange theory
Sampling stage
Bargaining stage
Commitment stage
Institutionalisation stage
What is the equity theory
tries to base the relationship on the idea that each partner is fair
What is rusbults commitment theory
Expanded on the social exchange theory and said 3 factors of satisfaction, comparisons and investment size determine your commitment level which will determine whether you stay or leave in a relationship
What are rusbults 5 maintenance behaviours
Accommodation
Willingness to sacrifice
Forgiveness
Positive illusions
Ridiculing alternatives
What are the 3 major types of relationship breakdown
Pre-existing doom
Mechanical failure
Sudden death
What are the 5 stages of relationship breakdown
Intrapsychic
Dyadic
Social
Grave dressing
Resurrection (added later)
What is the reduced cues theory
Idea that virtual relationships aren’t real relationships as there a lack of cues because it ends to deindivdualisation which encourages disinhibition when relation to others
What is the hyper personal model
Argued that online relationships are more personal because people self disclose more quickly through key features of time to manipulate, confidence behind shield and greater anonymity
What is gating
Gating are icks in the relationship and and virtual relationships helps us overlook them
What are parasocial relationships
Where individuals believe they are in a relationship with someone of a higher status e.g a celebrity
What are the 3 levels of parasocal relationships
Entertainment-social subscale
Intense personal subscale
Borderline-pathological subscale
What is the absorption-addiction model
Where you seek fulfilment in the celebrity -absorption but the you need an intense involvement to sustain the commitment to the ship.- addiction
