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psychology paper 3 > relationships > Flashcards

relationships Flashcards

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1
Q

sexual selection

A

survival of the sexiest. attributes or behaviours that increase reproductive success are passed on and may become exaggerated or more common over time

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2
Q

amisogamy

A

differences between make and female sex cells

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3
Q

characteristics of female gametes

A

large, limited years of fertility, static

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4
Q

male gametes

A

long supply, small, mobile

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5
Q

intersexual selection

A

what one sex looks for in the other

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6
Q

intrasexual selections

A

within each sex: how members of the same sex compete to mate with the opposite sex

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7
Q

trivers

A

females hold greater importance in time, commitment and resources than makes because making the wrong choice in partner is more serious due to their fertility window

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8
Q

fisher - sexy son hypothesis

A

women select men with traits they hope to pass to their children

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9
Q

dimorphism

A

women and men look different as they look for different things

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10
Q

clark & hatfield

A

women agreed to the date because they can get to know the men
men agreed because quantity > quality

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11
Q

self disclosure

A

revealing information about yourself to someone
when we learn more about someone, we become more attracted to them

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12
Q

altman & taylor - social penetration theory

A

the gradual process of revealing your inner self to someone, starting at a basic level and getting more intimate as time goes on

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13
Q

reis & shaver - reciprocity

A

for a relationships to develop, self disclosure needs to be reciprocated and partners should respond in a rewarding empathetic way

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14
Q

the halo effect

A

dion et al
attractive people are consistently rated as kind, strong, sociable, and successful compared to unattractive people

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15
Q

the matching hypothesis

A

walster and walster
people choose partners who are roughly of similar physical attractiveness to each other

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16
Q

3 Filters : Kerckhoff and Davis

A

social demography
similarity in attitudes
complimentary

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17
Q

social demography (filters)

A

factors that influence the chances of potential partners meeting each other in the first place

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18
Q

similarity in attitudes (filters)

A

partners agree over basic values

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19
Q

complimentary (filters)

A

partners have traits the other lacks i.e dominance/submissive

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20
Q

festinger et al (filters)

A

found people who lived near the stairways in a u shaped housing block had most passive contact with other residents, and had developed the greatest friendships with those nearby

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21
Q

clark (filters)

A

50% of people living in columbus ohio married someone within walking distance of

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22
Q

social exchange theory

A

thibailt and kelly
a satisfying relationship is maintained when rewards exceed costs for both parties

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23
Q

minimax principle (SET)

A

we try to minimise costs and maximise rewards

24
Q

what are the two ways of measuring profit (SET)

A

Comparison Level
Comparison Level for Alternatives

25
Q

what is Comparison Level (SET)

A

the amount of reward you believe you deserve based on previous relationships + norms

26
Q

Comparison Level for Alternative (SET)

A

comparing the rewards and costs to other possible relationships and being alone

27
Q

stages of relationship development (SET)

A

sampling stage
bargaining stage
commitment stage
institutionalisation stage

28
Q

sampling stage (SET)

A

first stage
we explore the rewards and costs of social exchange by experimenting with them in our own relationship, or by observing others doing so

29
Q

bargaining stage (SET)

A

second stage
beginning of the relationship
partners start negotiating what is more profitable

30
Q

commitment stage (SET)

A

third stage
the sources of costs and rewards become more predictable and the relationship becomes more stable

31
Q

institutionalisation stage (SET)

A

fourth stage
partners are settled down
rewards and costs are firmly established

32
Q

walster et al (equity)

A

we strive to reach fairness in our relationships

33
Q

what are the principles of equity

A

profit
distribution
dissatisfaction
realignment

34
Q

profit (principles of equity)

A

rewards are maximised and costs minimised

35
Q

distribution (principles of equity)

A

trade offs and compensations are negotiated to achieve fairness in a relationship

36
Q

dissatisfaction (principles of equity)

A

the greater the degree of perceived unfairness, the greater the sense of dissatisfaction

37
Q

realignment (principles of equity)

A

if restoring equity is possible, maintenance will continue

38
Q

rusbults investment model

A

satisfaction + comparison with alt + investments -> commitment level -> relationship mechanisms

39
Q

rusbults investment model

A

satisfaction + comparison with alt + investments -> commitment level -> relationship mechanisms

40
Q

intrinsic investments (RIM)

A

what we directly put into a relationship (effort time)

41
Q

extrinsic investments (RIM)

A

did not feature in one’s life but are now strongly associated in it (house kids)

42
Q

relationship mechanisms (RIM)

A

enduring partners : accomodation, willingness to sacrifice, forgiveness
committed partners : positive illusions, ridiculing alternatives

43
Q

4 stages of duck’s phase model

A

intra-psychic
dyadic
social
grave dressing

44
Q

intra-psychic (Duck)

A

personal brooding
nothing is said to the partner but you may express dissatisfaction in other ways

45
Q

dyadic phase (duck)

A

confront partner, discuss feelings and the future

46
Q

social phase (duck)

A

issues made public to family and friends
they may take sides, offer support or help mend any disputes

47
Q

grave dressing phase (duck)

A

relationship is over. partner attempts to justify their actions
may reinterpret their view of partners

48
Q

reduced cues theory

A

sproull and kiesler

cues such as physical appearance or emotional state are lacking in cmc -> this can lead to a person losing identity and acting in a way they wouldn’t normally

49
Q

hyper personal model

A

walther

cmc relationships are more personal and have greater self disclosure than FtF -> cmc relationships can develop very quickly as self disclosure happens earlier so they become more intense and intimate

50
Q

2 key features of hyper personal model

A

1) the sender of a message has greater control over what to disclose and the cues they send. they manipulate their self image to present themselves in an idealised way

2) receiver gains a positive impression of the sender, they may give feedback that reinforces the senders selective self presentation

51
Q

John Bargh et al (virtual relationship)

A

when you’re aware that others don’t know you, you feel less accountable for your behaviour

52
Q

gating

A

refers to an obstacle to forming a relationship

53
Q

levels of parasocial relationships

A

maltby et al

entertainment-social
intense-personal
borderline-pathological

54
Q

mccutcheon et al

A

celebrity attitude scale

the absorption addiction model

55
Q

absorption addiction model

A

absorption: they have deficits in their own sense of personal identity- an attempt to establish personal identity
addiction: people need to increase their dose to be more satisfied which can lead to delusions/ extreme behaviours

56
Q

attachment theory (parasocial relationships)

A

type a- most likely
type c- less likely
type b- unlikely

psychology paper 3 (2 decks)

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