Relationship with Peers Flashcards
What is a peer?
A friend
What are peer development trends for infancy?
- Starts as young as 6 months
- Infants have been characterized as object-centered because infants’ early interactions often centre on some toy of mutual interest
What are developmental trends for toddlerhood in regards with peer relations?
- Bouts of mutual imitation develop, in which toddlers take pleasure in imitating other toddlers and being imitated
What are developmental trends for Preschool age in regards with peer relations?
- The complexity of social interactions increases as symbolic forms of behaviour begin to predominate over physical ones
- Preschool age children will partake in a form of play called pretend play
What are developmental trends for School-aged children in regards with peer relations?
- School aged children will develop groups depending on blossoming personality attributes
- More often than not, there will be same-sex groups as there is seen to be a divide between genders
- Early romances also are starting to develop and will affect the relationship children have with each other
What are developmental trends for adolescence in regards with peer relations?
- Adolescences will have ‘cliques’ in which they will stay with people they have similar personalities to
What are 3 views towards why peer relationships are important?
- Ethological view
- Cognitive Developmental view
- Social Learning view
How do preschool/early school aged children develop friends?
- Playmates
- Propinquity (people develop a personal relationship after seeing each other repeatedly)
How do Mid-Childhood aged children develop friends?
- Shared values and tastes
- Behavioural homophily
How do early Adolescence and onward develop friends?
- Intimacy
- Loyalty
What is sociometry?
peer nomination method?
“who do you like the most?”
who is high on like most and low on liked least
popular
who is high on like most and high on like least
controversial
who is low on like most and low on like least
neglected
who is low on like most but high on like least?
rejected
What are the subtypes of popularity?
- Sociometric popularity
- Perceived popularity
What is the subtype sociometric popularity?
“who do you like?”
- high on acceptance, high on social preference
- Prosocial, perspective-taking, friendly
What is the subtype of perceived popularity?
“who is popular?”
- dominant, high status, stylish, wealthy, atheltic
What are the two correlations of acceptance-rejection?
- Behavioural correlates
- Nonbehavioural correlates
What are some examples of Non-behavioural correlates?
- Birth order
- Later borns better liked than first-borns (Willard Hartup) - Names
- offbeat names may result in ridicule
- offbeat names may mean offbeat parents
What are Behavioural Correlates?
- Social Contacts
- Not quantity but quality related to acceptance - Social skills:
- initiating interaction
- maintaining interaction
- resolving conflict
What are some ways that children can maintain interaction?
- skilled at rewarding kids
- better-developed communication skills
- better at perspective-taking
How is aggression defined?
- physical and verbal aggression
- teasing, provoking, quarrelling, fighting
What are qualities of aggressive children?
- poorer at problem solving
- poorer at impulse control
- poorer in empathy and perspective taking
Are aggressive kids rejected?
- disruptive, innapropriate, rule-breaking, or immature
Are aggressive kids at risk?
- academic problems, school faliure, drop-out, delqiuency and legal problems
What are the difficulties with intervening with aggressive kids?
- behaviour is effective
- overestimating their likability
What is withdrawal?
- unassertive, shy, isolated, passive, overly sensitive, anxious
How are shy kids defined?
- dont interact frequently
- dont talk
- undervalue social skills and likeability
- social problem solving
