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Developmental Psychology > Relationship with Peers > Flashcards

Relationship with Peers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a peer?

A

A friend

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2
Q

What are peer development trends for infancy?

A
  • Starts as young as 6 months
  • Infants have been characterized as object-centered because infants’ early interactions often centre on some toy of mutual interest
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3
Q

What are developmental trends for toddlerhood in regards with peer relations?

A
  • Bouts of mutual imitation develop, in which toddlers take pleasure in imitating other toddlers and being imitated
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4
Q

What are developmental trends for Preschool age in regards with peer relations?

A
  • The complexity of social interactions increases as symbolic forms of behaviour begin to predominate over physical ones
  • Preschool age children will partake in a form of play called pretend play
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5
Q

What are developmental trends for School-aged children in regards with peer relations?

A
  • School aged children will develop groups depending on blossoming personality attributes
  • More often than not, there will be same-sex groups as there is seen to be a divide between genders
  • Early romances also are starting to develop and will affect the relationship children have with each other
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6
Q

What are developmental trends for adolescence in regards with peer relations?

A
  • Adolescences will have ‘cliques’ in which they will stay with people they have similar personalities to
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7
Q

What are 3 views towards why peer relationships are important?

A
  • Ethological view
  • Cognitive Developmental view
  • Social Learning view
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8
Q

How do preschool/early school aged children develop friends?

A
  • Playmates
  • Propinquity (people develop a personal relationship after seeing each other repeatedly)
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9
Q

How do Mid-Childhood aged children develop friends?

A
  • Shared values and tastes
  • Behavioural homophily
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10
Q

How do early Adolescence and onward develop friends?

A
  • Intimacy
  • Loyalty
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11
Q

What is sociometry?

A

peer nomination method?
“who do you like the most?”

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12
Q

who is high on like most and low on liked least

A

popular

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13
Q

who is high on like most and high on like least

A

controversial

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14
Q

who is low on like most and low on like least

A

neglected

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15
Q

who is low on like most but high on like least?

A

rejected

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16
Q

What are the subtypes of popularity?

A
  • Sociometric popularity
  • Perceived popularity
17
Q

What is the subtype sociometric popularity?

A

“who do you like?”
- high on acceptance, high on social preference
- Prosocial, perspective-taking, friendly

18
Q

What is the subtype of perceived popularity?

A

“who is popular?”
- dominant, high status, stylish, wealthy, atheltic

19
Q

What are the two correlations of acceptance-rejection?

A
  • Behavioural correlates
  • Nonbehavioural correlates
20
Q

What are some examples of Non-behavioural correlates?

A
  1. Birth order
    - Later borns better liked than first-borns (Willard Hartup)
  2. Names
    - offbeat names may result in ridicule
    - offbeat names may mean offbeat parents
21
Q

What are Behavioural Correlates?

A
  1. Social Contacts
    - Not quantity but quality related to acceptance
  2. Social skills:
    - initiating interaction
    - maintaining interaction
    - resolving conflict
22
Q

What are some ways that children can maintain interaction?

A
  • skilled at rewarding kids
  • better-developed communication skills
  • better at perspective-taking
23
Q

How is aggression defined?

A
  • physical and verbal aggression
  • teasing, provoking, quarrelling, fighting
24
Q

What are qualities of aggressive children?

A
  1. poorer at problem solving
  2. poorer at impulse control
  3. poorer in empathy and perspective taking
25
Q

Are aggressive kids rejected?

A
  • disruptive, innapropriate, rule-breaking, or immature
26
Q

Are aggressive kids at risk?

A
  • academic problems, school faliure, drop-out, delqiuency and legal problems
27
Q

What are the difficulties with intervening with aggressive kids?

A
  1. behaviour is effective
  2. overestimating their likability
28
Q

What is withdrawal?

A
  • unassertive, shy, isolated, passive, overly sensitive, anxious
29
Q

How are shy kids defined?

A
  • dont interact frequently
  • dont talk
  • undervalue social skills and likeability
  • social problem solving

Developmental Psychology (4 decks)

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