Relations with Indigenous Peoples 1947-1967 Flashcards
What were the causes for increased challenge from Indigenous People?
-WW11 undermined remaining indigenous belief in British right to rule over imperial territories (2 reasons):
-Occupation by Japanese in Asia proved Britain not invincible
-Changes in political attitudes internationally and growth of political awareness in indigenous societies = led to growing belief in self-determination
-Economic Development and increased urbanisation accelerated growth of indigenous political awareness and support for war effort by imperial troops and civilian economic contribution= expectation of “reward”
-Increased political challenge by nationalist groups
In Kenya, when did the “Mau Mau” uprising occur? (Kenya Land and Freedom Army)
1952-1956
How much support did the Kenyan Land and Freedom Army receive by indigenous people?
Some support
but still 25,000 loyal Kikuyu recruited and fought alongside the British
How did Britain respond the the “Mau Mau” Uprising?
12,000 “Mau Mau” killed
State of emergency declared which suspended all political rights for black Africans and African leaders imprisoned
What was the extent of success of the “Mau Mau” movement?
-“Mau Mau” movement crushed
therefore the Kenyan Land and Freedom Army did cause a push for independence on behalf of the indigenous people , however to the British it simply only amde they aware that the growing resentment of colonial rule had increased so much that it was not in the British interest to stay
What were the key nationalist movements in Malaya?
-United Malaya National Organisation =Onn Bin Dato Jaafar and Tunku Abdul Rahman
-Malayan Chinese Association= Tan Cheng Lock
-Malayan Communist Party (MPC) / Malayan Liberation Army = Chin Peng
When was the Malayan Emergency?
1948-1960
Who won the Malayan Emergency?
The British
When did Malaya gain independence
1957
When did Malaya become Malaysia
1963
Did the Malayan communist Party and the Malayan National Liberation Army gain much support during the Malayan Emergency?
No
Britain offered the Malayans and Chinese Independence of they fought against the communists
Why did the British leave Malaya?
-Once the communist insurgence was crushed, Britain no longer had an excuse to keep profiting from Malayan tin and rubber. As the US supported the occupation of the colony due to the British being in line with their interests (direct example of how international attitudes and relations shaped colonial policy) once the communists were crushed the British occupation was condemned. Leaving after crushing the communists would also leave a legacy from the British Emprie
What post colonial political relations maintained?
-Commonwealth not a military alliance
-Queen Elizabeth 11 remained very popular as head of commonwealth= symbolic
-Commonwealth citizens eligible for GB honour system
-GB recruits significant proportion of Commonwealth citizens into the armed forces
What post- colonial economic relations were maintained?
-Influence of global imperial economy remained after decolonisation = often beneficial for indigenous population to remain economically linked with Britain
-“Formal” empire converted to “informal influence - hard power to soft power
e.g British multi- national corporations
What post- colonial cultural relations developed?
End of Empire did not lead to an immediate rejection of British cultural influence
English language became even more influential
British names, architectural styles, social organisations integrated throughout post-colonial societies
-Commonwealth Games Originally began 1930 but named commonwealth games 1970, held every 4 years and biggest multi-sport event outside Olympics
What post-colonial social relations developed?
1948 British National Act
Gave full UK citizenship to all Commonwealth and Empire inhabitants, including free entry to Britain
=Migration to Britain grew significantly throughout 1950s
However immigrants faced low paying jobs
