Relations with foreign powers

Question 1

In 1547 what type of foreign policy had Somerset inherited from Henry V111?

Answer 1

a ruinous one

Question 2

What was Somerset’s aggressive approach to Scotland determined by?

Answer 2

by the strategic objective of reasserting the ancient claim of Edward 1 to the Scottish throne

Question 3

What was Somerset’s aim with his aggressive Scottish policy?

Answer 3

to enforce the marriage of Edward V1 and the infant Mary Queen of Scots

Question 4

What was Somerset’s chosen strategy to beat the Scots into submission?

Answer 4

to defeat them in battle, build and garrison a number of forts in the borders

Question 5

At which battle were the Scots defeated under Somerset?

Answer 5

the Battle of Pinkie September 1547

Question 6

What month and year was the Battle of Pinkie?

Answer 6

September 1547

Question 7

Why did Somerset’s strategy against the Scots begin to unravel? (2)

Answer 7

because the forts proved difficult and expensive to garrison and the English could not capture the strategically significant castles at Dunbar and Edinburgh

Question 8

What year was the infant Queen Mary taken to France to marry the Dauphin

Answer 8

1548

Question 9

Why did Somerset’s Scottish policy have disastrous consequences for him?

Answer 9

as he engaged in a military strategy that had proved unaffordable at a time of financial pressure

Question 10

Somerset;s deteriorating relationship with France led to a threat of war in what year and a french invasion of southern England?

Answer 10

1549

Question 11

What heightened resentment among members of the Privy Council about his autocratic style of government?

Answer 11

failure of Scottish campaign, the vulnerability of England from threat of french invasion and the rebellions of 1549

Question 12

How did Northumberland help stabilise the Crown’s finances?

Answer 12

by reducing foreign policy expenditure, ending the wars against Scotland and France

Question 13

In order to end the French war, what did Northumberland have to do?

Answer 13

give up Boulogne

Question 14

How did the giving up on Boulogne in order to end the war with France improve the Crown’s financial position? (2)

Answer 14

as the occupation of Boulogne had proved a constant drain on resources and French agreed to pay £133,333 to recover the port

Question 15

Which 2 institutions did Wolsey develop?

Answer 15

the chancery and the Star Chamber

Question 16

Which 2 institutions did Cromwell work through?

Answer 16

the secretaryship and the new financial courts