Relations with Foreign Powers Flashcards
1
Q
What was the situation with Fr like when E came to the throne?
A
- England was in conflict with Fr
- War had gone badly for Eng
- The war had ended with Eng losing Calais
- War had weakened crown finances
- E wanted to end the war with Fr
2
Q
What was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis 1559?
A
- Fr retain Calais for 8yrs then returned to Eng IF they kept peace
- IF Fr failed to return Calais they pay 500,000 crowns to Eng
3
Q
What problems emerged in June 1559?
A
- Death of Henry II of Fr (jousting match) succeeded by Francis II who is married to MQS - Eliz cousin and main Cath claimant to Eng throne. Brought the Catholic Guise faction to power
- Catholic Guise faction sought to use Scot as an instrument of Fr policy
- Fr troops sent to garrison major Scot fortresses
- Alarmed John Knox (Calvinist leader of Scot Reformation) and his political allies, the Lords of the Congregation seeking power in Edinburgh. They requested assistance from fellow Prot in Eng.
- E cautious re interfering in domestic affairs where subjects were rebelling against monarch auth and was reluctant to intervene. She also loathed Knox who had written against the ‘monstrous regiment of women’
4
Q
Why did Cecil strongly support Scot intervention in contrast to Elizabeth?
A
- Sympathised with religious predicament of Scot Prots and knew that Eng would be more secure W/OUT Fr forces in Scot
- Sought the removal of MQ to weaken her influence as a claim to Eng throne
- Wanted to incorporate Scot into British state to ensure survival of Protestantism
5
Q
How did Cecil persuade E to intervene?
A
Playing on her insecurity:
- Pointed out Francis and Mary using Eng royal coat of arms on their heraldic devise
- Suggested his resignation if E failed to support him
6
Q
How did intervention in Scot work?
A
- Initially limited to money and armaments
- BUT towards end of Dec 1559 Eng navy sent to Firth of Fourth to stop Fr reinforcements landing.
7
Q
What was the Treaty of Berwick 1560? (Eng + Scot)
A
- Lords of Congregation offered conditional support and March 1560 Eng army sent NORTH.
- Army and Navy blockaded Leith (where most Fr forces situated)
- The siege failed
- Other circumstances forced Fr withdrawal:
1. Fr fleet damaged in storm
2. Regent Mary of Guise died - Therefore Cecil able to obtain favourable terms in Tr of Edinburgh 1560
8
Q
What were the results of the Treaty of Edinburgh 1560?
A
- Lords of Congregation accepted as provisional conciliar govt
- Death of Francis II meant Guises fell from powweer and MQS influence in Fr over, forced to return to Scot
- On MQS return she forced to accept reli + poli power of her enemies
- Cecil = triumph:
- Interests of Scot Prot protected
- Political influence of MQS reduced
9
Q
What was the intervention of Fr?
A
- March 1562 conflict broke out between Cath + Prot in Fr
- Dudley encouraged E to put mili pressure on Fr crown whilst weak and return Calais
- E promised Huguenot (Prot) leader Prince Conde 6,000 men and loan of £30,000
10
Q
How did it go badly for Eng in the intervention of France?
A
- Huguenot army defeated, Conde captured.
- On Cath side Duke of Guise assassinated.
- Both sides leaderless so Fr factions agree to accept peace terms and UNITE to drive Eng out of Le Havre.
- Eng forced to seek unfavourable peace settlement
11
Q
What were the results of the Treaty of Troyes 1564?
A
- E lost Calais permanently = blow to E prestige (in long run it may have been an adv as Calais was so expensive to rule)
- E became much more cautious re supporting Prot causes in Europe
12
Q
How successful was E’s accession in summary?
A
- Broadly impressive start
- Managed her accession and coronation skilfully - impressed foreign ambassadors
- Achieved a settlement in religion which was comprehensive
- Some unanswered questions with regard to mari and succession BUT established herself as Q with remarkable success
